Waves - Transmit energy from one place to another without the transfer of matter, typically through the oscillatory motion of particles in the medium. (Oscillation of electric and magnetic fields for e.m. waves), Progressive Wave - A wave whose profile travels along, where the displacement at a point depends on both the position of that point and the time elapsed, and all points oscillate with the same amplitude., Transverse Wave - A wave in which the oscillations are in a plane perpendicular to the direction of energy propagation., Longitudinal Wave - A wave in which the oscillations are in a direction parallel to the direction of energy propagation., Amplitude - The maximum displacement that occurs during the oscillation of a wave or oscillation. [Units: meters], Wavelength - The distance between two successive points in the same phase of a wave. [Units: meters], Period - The time taken for one complete oscillation of a wave or oscillation. [Units: seconds, etc.], Phase - Two points in a wave or oscillation that are in the same phase are exactly the same point in the cycle., Phase Difference - The difference in phase between two points in a wave or oscillation, usually expressed as an angle., Frequency - The number of oscillations per unit time (e.g., per second) in a wave or oscillation. [Units: hertz], Refraction - The change in direction of waves as they cross the boundary from one medium to another, caused by the difference in wave speeds between the two media., Plane-polarized Waves - Waves consisting of transverse vibrations in one plane only., Diffraction - The bending of waves into regions of geometric shadow as they pass through a gap or past an edge., Intensity - The power per unit area normal to the direction of energy flow in a wave., Total Internal Reflection (TIR) - The reflection of all waves traveling in a medium at a boundary with another medium in which the wave speed is higher. It occurs for all angles of incidence greater than the critical angle., Critical Angle - The angle of incidence within an optically denser medium at which the emergent ray would refract into a less optically dense medium at exactly 90 degrees.,

Physics Module 4 Part 2

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