Soil has 5 main ingredients: Mineral matter consist of the ____ of rocks that have been broken down by ____ and ____; it includes ____, ____, ____ and clay. Air contains ____ and ____ and encourages living ____ in the soil. Water ____ soil particles and contains dissolved ____ that plants absorb. Living organisms include ____, wood ____ and ____, as well as micro organisms like ____ and ____. Humus is the dark, partly ____ organic matter produced from the remains of dead ____ / ____ and plants ) broken down and ____ in the soil by living ____.) Soil is influenced by: Climate influences ____ and ____ that cause weathering. Hot climates experience ____ weathering, Cold climates experience ____ (____) Action. Parent material like ____ weathers very slowly, while ____ weathers and forms soil quickly. ____ based soils are more fertile. Vegetation like ____ forests provide rich ____ and ____ to soils or ____ from ____ litter to soils. Living organisms break down ____ and ____ while ____ break up and mix the soil, allowing ____ and ____ into the soil. Upland landscapes are often thin, ____ and ____ with ____ soils, few plants and animals and little ____. Lowland landscapes are often ____ and well ____. They have plentiful ____ and ____ life ____ and deep ____. Time is very important as the longer rock is exposed to ____ the more it is broken down. Humus can make soil more fertile by improving ____ and ____ and by adding ____. (The Metapontino). They can make soil less fertile by over ____ it and by removing ____. (Deforestation, over-cropping, over-grazing)

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