Pragmatics - a study of how people interact while using language, how language is affected by the situation in which it is used, how it is used to get things done, how words can express things that are different from what they appear to mean, (communication) code model - the source (encoder) conveys a message to a receiver (decoder) through the transmission of a signal. communication is successful is the message stays the same, (communication) inferential model - making interferences based on context. interferences can be deduced or estimated. what are the people thinking based on their behaviour?,  The informative intention - wanting to inform the audience about something, The communicative intention - wanting to let the audience know that we want to inform them about something, (communication) Interaction model - alternating positions as a sender and receiver, generating meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback, an interactive, two-way process, Physical context - where the conversation is taking place, what is present, Epistemic context - what the speaker knows about the world, Linguistic context - what has already been said, Jane Smith changes to her in the conversation, Social context - the social relationship between speakers and hearers, Extralinguistic context - includes such factors as the social situation, historical period and world knowledge, Narrow context - speaker, place, and time. specific and strict. basic factors, Broad context - all kind of information, particularly important to the speaker, Text - smth written down, verbal, explicit, literal, Context - something implicit, non-verbal, cultural, implied, not immediately linked to the subject under discussion, Speech acts - not necessarily spoken, include gestures, face expressions, A constative - true or false, only used in descriptions and assertions, go beyond truth and rely on felicity conditions ex. the elephant is big, A performative - actions, not true or false, you can get married by saying "I do", has to fulfill felicity conditions, can be "felicitous" or "infelicitous", Explicit performatives - a performative verb apparent to the other party, clear meaning ex. "I promise to study" "promise" is a clear performative verb, Implicit performatives - do not contain a performative verb. to understand we have to know the real intention behind it, context is important, Declarative (indirect speech act) - propositions ex. "Pat has a cat", Interrogative (indirect speech act) - seeking questions ex. "Are you studying right now?", Imperative (indirect speech act) - trying to make others behave a certain way, commands. "Sudy lots!",

Pragmatics

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