Stimulus (stimuli) - Anything that can trigger a physical or behavioral change: input, Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - The part of the nervous system that includes nerves and is NOT part of the brain and spinal cord, Central nervous system (CNS) - The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cords, A bundle of nerves; responsible for collecting and responding to stimuli - Neuron, Sensory neurons - Nerve cells responsible for receiving external stimuli from the body's environment and passing that signal through nerves to the Central Nervous System, Examples of sensory neurons - Taste, Touch, Smell, Sound, Sight (5 senses), Motor neurons - Nerve cells that pass signals from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland, Control center of the body - Brain, Sensory nerouns - Input, Motor neurons - Output, A branch extending from a neuron that recives signals from another neron through a synapse - Dendrite, The long extension from a nerve cell along which signals travel - Axon, A fatty substace that surroundws the axon and increses the speed at which signals travel; damage to the meylin makes it harder for neurons to carry messages effectively - Myelin, The gap between the branches extending from a nerouns axon that sends a signal to the next neuron - Synapse, Chemicals that assist in passing a signal through a synapse - Nerotransmitters, A doctor who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and managing brain disorders - Neurologist, Disese that damages the myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers, also known as axons - Multiple sclerosis, Nerve that runs down the back of the leg and branches out to the muscles of the foot - Peroneal nerve, Test that identifies nerve damage by measuring how fast an electrical signals move through your nerve - Nerve conduction velocity test, Test that identifies nerve damage by measuring the electrical activity in muscles - Electromyography, A clear, colorless liquid surrounding the brain and spinal cord - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Technologies used to look inside your body for clues about a medical condition; includes x-rays, CT scans, nuclear medicine scans, MRI scans, and ultra sound.  - Diagnostic imaging, Diseases of the brain, spine, and, nerves. They're also called nervous system diseases. - Nerological disorders , An area of an organ or tissue that suffered damage through injury or disease - Lesion, An abnormal growth of tissue, weather cancerous or noncancerous - Tumor, A medical doctor who interprets medical images to diagnose and treat disesases or injuries - Radiologist, The most anterior part of the brain, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right - Cerebrum, The part of the brain where nerve impulses initiate voluntary muscular activity - Motor cortex, The part of the brain at the back of the skull; "little brain" that is responsible for balance, movement, coordination - Cerebellum, The center trunk of the brain that continues downward to form the spinal cord - brain stem, Controls the inoluntary activity in the body - Medulla oblongata (brain stem), Examples of involuntary actions - Heartbeat, breathing, digestion, blood pressure regulation, Examples of voluntary actions - kicking, hitting, walking, singing, talking, The two halves of the cerebrum part of the brain - Cerebral hemispheres, A broad band of nerves that connecs the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum - Corpus callosum, Lobes - The four main parts of each cerebral hemisphere of the brain, Play a large role in your behaviour and personality, such as planning, voluntary muscle movments, mood, emotions, social interations, and attention, and are also involved in memory retrieval and storage - Frontal Lobes, Responsible for sensing touch, spatial processing (being able to tell where objects are in space), language, and memory - Parietal Lobes, Responsible to receive and process the sensory input signals such as touch, taste, temperature, pain, vibration, and pressure - Sensory cortex, The part of the temporal lobe that processes auditory input signals - Auditory cortex, Primaraliy responsible for visual perception and are involved in some dorms of visual, short-term memory - Occipital Lobes, The part of the cerebral cortex that recives and processes sensory nerve input from the eyes - Visual cortex, Responsible for processing smell and sound, as well as the ability to recongnize and understand words and language; they are also involved in visual memory - Temporal Lobes, Internal part of the brain that controls body temperature, thirst, appitite, sleep patterns, and the pituitary gland - hypothalamus, The internal part of the brain that carries messages from the sensory organs, like the eyes, ares, nose, and fingers, to the cerebrum - Thalamus, Tiny organ that serves as primary gland which makes the hormones that control our growth, metabolism, digestion, sexual maturity, and how we respond to stress - Pituitary gland,

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