1) 1. Which of the following best defines matter? a) A) Anything that produces energy b) B) Anything that has mass and takes up space c) C) Anything that can move or change shape 2) 2. What is the main difference between mass and weight? a) A) Mass changes with gravity, weight does not b) B) Weight depends on gravity, mass does not c) C) They are exactly the same 3) 3. What is the correct equation for density? a) A) D = Volume ÷ Mass b) B) D = Mass ÷ Volume c) C) D = Mass × Volume 4) 4. Which tool is used to measure the volume of a liquid? a) A) Beaker b) ✅ B) Graduated cylinder c) C) Thermometer 5) The volume of an irregular solid can be found by: a) A) Measuring its sides b) B) Using a ruler c) C) Water displacement method 6) Which property is fixed and does not change with location? a) A) Mass b) B) Weight c) C) Volume 7) Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume? a) A) Solid b) B) Liquid c) C) Gas 8) .In which state do particles vibrate in fixed positions? a) A) Solid b) B) Liquid c) C) Gas 9) A substance that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container is a: a) A) Solid b) B) Liquid c) C) Gas 10) Which statement best describes gas particles? a) A) They are tightly packed b) B) They move freely and spread apart c) C) They only vibrate in place 11) What kind of solid has particles arranged in a repeating pattern? a) A) Crystalline solid b) B) Amorphous solid c) C) Liquid solid 12) . Glass is an example of what type of solid? a) A) Crystalline b) B) Amorphous c) C) Transparent solid 13) The process of a solid turning directly into a gas is called: a) A) Sublimation b) B) Condensation c) C) Freezing 14) During melting, a substance: a) A) Changes from solid to liquid b) B) Changes from liquid to gas c) C) Changes from gas to solid 15) . Freezing occurs when: a) A) Energy is removed from a liquid b) B) Energy is added to a solid c) C) A gas becomes a liquid 16) Evaporation differs from boiling because it: a) A) Occurs only at the surface of a liquid b) B) Occurs throughout the liquid c) C) Requires no energy 17) Condensation is the process where: a) A) A liquid changes to gas b) B) A gas changes to liquid c) C) A solid changes to liquid 18) Which of the following is a physical property? a) A) Color b) B) Flammability c) C) Reactivity 19) Which of the following describes a chemical property? a) A) Density b) B) Flammability c) C) Shape 20) What happens during a chemical change? a) A) The state of matter changes b) B) A new substance is formed c) C) The size changes 21) Which of the following is a chemical change? a) A) Melting ice b) B) Burning paper c) C) Cutting wood 22) Which is a physical change? a) A) Dissolving sugar in water b) B) Rusting of iron c) C) Burning fuel 23) A chemical reaction always results in: a) A) Formation of one or more new substances b) B) A change in color only c) C) A change in size only 24) Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture? a) A) Salt water b) B) Sand and water c) C) Oil and water 25) A heterogeneous mixture can be separated by: a) A) Physical means such as filtration b) B) Chemical reaction c) C) Evaporation only 26) Which of these is an element? a) A) Oxygen (O₂) b) B) Water (H₂O) c) C) Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 27) Water (H₂O) is an example of a: a) A) Mixture b) B) Compound c) C) Element 28) Which property helps identify substances without changing them? a) A) Physical properties b) B) Chemical reactivity c) C) Combustibility 29) 28. When you bake cookies, which type of change happens while baking? a) A) Chemical change b) B) Physical change only 30) When two or more substances are combined but not chemically bonded, the result is a: a) A) Mixture b) B) Compound 31) 1. An astronaut weighs 80 kg on Earth. On the Moon, where gravity is weaker, her weight decreases — but her mass remains the same because: a) A) Mass changes with location b) B) Mass depends on gravity c) C) Mass is independent of gravit 32) 2. When dry ice (solid CO₂) turns directly into carbon dioxide gas, which process occurs? a) A) Condensation b) B) Evaporation c) C) Sublimation 33) A block of wood floats on water because: a) A) It has more mass than water b) B) It has more weight than water c) C) Its density is less than that of water 34) . A sealed container of gas is heated. What happens to the gas particles? a) A) They slow down and move closer b) B) They move faster and collide more often c) C) They stop moving completely 35) Which statement best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture? a) A) Compounds can be separated physically b) B) Compounds have elements chemically bonded; mixtures do not c) C) Mixtures have fixed ratios of elements 36) During boiling, the temperature of a liquid remains constant because: a) A) Energy is used to break bonds between particles, not to increase temperature b) B) Energy is lost to the surroundings c) C) The density of the liquid decreases 37) A sample of gold has a mass of 19.3 g and a volume of 1 cm³. What is its density? a) A) 9.65 g/cm³ b) B) 19.3 g/cm³ c) C) 38.6 g/cm³ 38) Which of the following changes is both physical and chemical? a) A) Melting ice b) B) Mixing sand and salt c) C) Baking bread 39) A liquid completely fills the shape of its container but keeps the same volume. Which of these explains why? a) A) The particles are fixed in place b) B) The particles move freely but remain close together c) C) The particles move too slowly to separate 40) When iron rusts, the total mass of rust produced is greater than the original iron because: a) A) Oxygen from the air combines chemically with iron b) B) The rust absorbs water only c) C) Iron expands on exposure to air 41) A mixture that appears uniform but can still be separated by physical means is: a) A) Homogeneous mixture b) B) Compound c) C) Colloidal solid 42) A gas is compressed into a smaller container. What happens to its density? a) A) It decreases b) B) It increases c) C) It remains constant 43) Which statement about physical and chemical changes is correct? a) A) Chemical changes can easily be reversed b) B) Physical changes do not form new substances 44) What happens to the motion of particles when a solid melts? a) A) They gain energy and move farther apart b) B) They lose energy and slow down c) C) They stop vibrating 45) Which process involves both a temperature and a state change? a) A) Evaporation b) B) Boiling c) C) Freezing

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