antipsychotic (neuroleptic) agents - drugs that alleviate psychotic symptoms including: cognitive-perceptual disorders (delusions, hallucinations), affective symptoms (apathy, withdrawal, depression), and arousal symptoms (excitability, irritability, restlessness)., antiparkinsonian agents  - useful in counteracting the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic drugs. These extrapyramidal effects include: akinesia (weakness), akathisia (restlessness), dystonic reactions (muscle spasms), parkinsonism, and rabbit syndrome., antidepressant agents - drugs that reduce the symptoms of major depression, in which there is a significant loss of interest or pleasure in all facets of living to such a degree that one's ability to function effectively is impaired. Some of these medications are also used in the treatment of other illness such as obsessive compulsive, panic, anorexic, and bulimic disorders., mood stabilizers (antimanic) agents - lithium, carbamazepine, valproic acid used to control bipolar affective disorders., adjunctive psychotropics - drugs which are are sometimes used in combination with, or to replace, the conventional psychotropics agents., anxiety agents and sedative-hypnotics - drugs that help to alleviate anxiety and tension in moderate to low doses. In higher doses, they will help to induce sleep. Usually indicated for short-term treatment of anxiety and/or insomnia. , neurotransmitters - naturally occurring chemical substances which serve to transmit impulses from one neuron to the next across the synaptic cleft., dopamine (nt) - critical in the production of psychotic symptoms and schizophrenic symptoms. , norepinephrine and serotonin (nt) - involved in affective disorders., gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (nt) - inhibitory nt, may serve as a natural blocking agent in neural pathways., typical antipsychotic agents - block dopamine to alleviate psychotic symptoms (parkinsonian - like side effects)., atypical antipsychotic agents - block dopamine and serotonin, may account for less extrapyramidal side effects (clozapine, risperidone)., extrapyramidal - (drug induced movement disorder) impaired motor control, usually referable to dysfunction of the basal ganglia., tricyclic antidepressant - block uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, and block muscarinic, acetycholine, and histamine receptors., monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) - prevents the breakdown of monoamine oxidase (RIMA selectively and reversibly inhibits the "A" type of the enzyme MO., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) - drugs that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the presynaptic nerve ending enhancing the action of the neurotransmitters on synaptic receptors (SSRI 5HT blocker - exerts dual effects on the blockade of serotonin type 2 [5HT2] receptors and the inhibition of serotonin reuptake). , serotonin & norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) - potent inhibition of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine receptors and weak inhibition of dopamine receptors., lithium - achieves antimanic effects by clearing the synaptic cleft of neurotransmitters, as well as by limiting their release from nerve endings. ,

Psychotropic Agents - Mental Health

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