WHY does the earth have a magnetic field? - Its outer core is 85% liquid iron and spinning generating electricity. , What Phase is this? 🌔 (Wax = light getting larger, wane = light decreasing) - Waxing Gibbous! :D, What Phase is this? 🌖 (Wax = light getting larger, wane = light decreasing) - Waning Gibbous! :D, What Phase is this? 🌘 (Wax means light getting larger, wane = light decreasing) - Waning Crescent! :D, What Phase is this? 🌑 (Wax means light getting larger, wane = light decreasing) - New Moon! :D, What Phase is this? 🌕 (Wax means light getting larger, wane = light decreasing) - Full Moon! :D, What are these two types of tides? - Spring... and Neap!, Review Image! :D - BLANK, TYPE THIS INTO BROWSER: https://shorturl.at/1OJjQ - When is the summer solstice? ___________. ( HINT- North America's Longest Day of Sunlight. ) , What causes Earths seasons? Hmm. - The earth's spin axis is tilted about 23.5 degrees. This is what causes the seasons. When the earth's axis points towards the sun, it is summer for that hemisphere. When the earth's axis points away, winter can be expected., What does the Earth's magnetic field do?? - Earth's magnetic field shields the planet from harmful solar radiation (solar winds), guides navigational systems, and protects us from charged particles. Also it allows us to have water and not get burned, aka it lets Earth have life. , How many months are in between each equinox/solstice? - 12 (months in a year) ÷ 4 (equinox/solstices) = THREE!, Adenine _______ Cytosine _______ Thymine _______ Guanine_______ - Thymine, Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine., The diagram below represents a bar magnet. When iron filings were placed near the magnet, they moved to form the pattern shown. Explain why more iron fillings are located at the ends of the magnet than at the center of the magnet. - The filings are located at the ends because the magnets have a stronger pull on the ends, Explain why the south end of the needle in compass 1 is pointing towards the north pole of the magnet. - Magnet-wise, opposites attract., What Phase is this? 🌗 (Wax means light getting larger, wane = light decreasing) - Third Quarter Moon! :D, What Phase is this? 🌓 (Wax means light getting larger, wane = light decreasing) - First Quarter Moon! :D, What are fossils and how effectively do they provide a record of the history of life on Earth? - Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms that lived millions of years ago, often found in sedimentary rocks. They provide information about how life and environmental conditions may have changed. It allows scientists to see how organisms have changed over time. For the most part, fossils give us information about the structure of past life forms., What type of fossils are there?, Quick Fact! Soft-bodied animals are harder to become fossilized as they decay quickly - we have better fossil record of the hard-bodied or shelled organisms or the bones of an anima - BLANK, Steps how fossils form: - 1. Organism dies and falls to ground 2. Organism is covered in sediment 3. Decays over time 4. leaves imprint of its shape 5. organism's hard body parts fill with minerals. , Law of Superposition~ 🤯 - if layers were not disturbed, the deeper you go, usually the older the fossil. Fossils from the same time period are usually at the same horizontal level., Relative Dating: - - It's like looking at the layers of a cake. - You figure out which layer is older or younger based on where it is in the stack. - It doesn't give you an exact age but helps you understand the order of events., Absolute or Radiometric Dating: - - This is like using a clock. - It gives you a precise age by measuring the decay of radioactive elements in rocks or fossils. - It tells you exactly how many years ago something happened., Amber Fossils: - Organisms get trapped in sticky tree resin (like sap), which hardens over time into amber, preserving them inside like bugs in a time capsule., Mold Fossils: - When an organism dies and gets buried in sediment, it leaves an imprint, like a mold in clay, showing its shape and features., Carbon Fossils: - After an organism dies, its soft parts decay, leaving behind only a thin film or residue of carbon, often found in coal deposits., Cast Fossils: - If a mold gets filled with minerals from groundwater, it creates a cast, like making a sculpture from a mold, showing the shape of the original organism., Index Fossil: - An index fossil is a type of fossil that helps scientists date the rock layers where it's found. ~ They're useful because they lived for a relatively short period and were widespread, so finding them in a rock layer helps scientists know the age of that layer., Trace Fossil: - A trace fossil is a fossilized mark that shows an animal's activity, like footprints, burrows, or feeding marks. ~ They don't show the actual organism but give clues about how ancient animals lived and behaved., Quick Fact! - Most species go extinct individually - evolution helps species adapt (the organism changes via genetic or DNA mutation - the ones best suited for the environment will survive and pass the trait on to offspring), There have been some extinction events - 🤯 - A mass extinction is an event in Earth's history when a significant proportion of species on the planet die out in a relatively short period due to catastrophic environmental changes. , Permian–Triassic extinction event 🤯 - also known as the "Great Dying," was the most severe mass extinction event in Earth's history, occurring approximately 252 million years ago. It led to the loss of about 90% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species, likely due to a combination of volcanic activity, and climate change., Adaptive radiation usually occurs after mass extinctions - Adaptive radiation is when a single ancestral species diversifies rapidly into a variety of new species. (Again, usually after a mass extinction.) , The Nebular Hypothesis ~ 🤯🤯 - The Nebular Hypothesis suggests that the Solar System formed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust called a nebula. Over time, gravity caused the nebula to collapse, forming a spinning disk where planets, moons, and other celestial bodies eventually formed., How the fossil record can tell us about the ecology and behavior of fossil organisms - 1. Structure 2. Teeth 3. Feces/diet 4. Position of continental plates 5. Trace fossils (Moved, lived, behavior), Mutualism - - both organisms benefit, Commensalism - - one benefits and one is not affected, Parasitism - - one benefits and one is harmed., Genetics - DNA can help us trace ancestry. - The Tree of Life (Cladograms like the one on pages 157) show the relationships among organisms and how there is a common ancestor from which different organisms evolved - (Act. 15. 16, 17) Some species coevolve to maintain relationships they have with a different species., Homology - - comparing structure and development of modern organisms, Fossil record - - example of this is When Whales Walked., Flu! AHh! 🥴 - Influenza (flu) viruses constantly change, and can do so slowly over time or suddenly. Scientists have to update the vaccines often since the virus just evolves out fo., DNA has.. - the code that must be followed., Key ideas about mutations: - - The DNA codes for amino acids.Every group of three nitrogen bases of the DNA is read by the cell to determine the sequence of amino acids. The amino acids produce proteins (building blocks of cells). - If there is a mutation (change) to the DNA , it could alter the shape and function of the protein. The change could have no effect (neutral), or it may be harmful or beneficial to the organism. , Review Darwin's work: - Darwin’s big idea was that they all came from one common ancestor from the mainland but became different species on the different islands with different environments. In essence, they evolved based on adaptations to environmental change. Darwin called this natural selection (Act. 6). Some call it survival of the fittest., For evolution by natural selection to occur, these factors need to be present - genetic variation in a population must be present, individuals in a population must be able to reproduce, resources in an environment become limited (sparking competition), the environment is unstable and changing., artificial selection - involves human intervention., natural selection - For natural selection to work, parents must produce offspring with genetic differences, and the offspring must interact with the environment to survive, Quickie Fact! - When genetic variation is low, a population may decline in a changing environment and may even disappear or go extinct., Quickie Fact! - Organisms that reproduce faster (shorter lifespan) or reproduce more often and have large quantities of offspring, also have a better chance of having offspring that can adapt to a new environment. , Humans and other organisms that reproduce sexually have _____ sets of chromosomes - one from a female parent and one from a male parent. - Humans and other organisms that reproduce sexually have 2 sets of chromosome one fom a female parent and one from a male parent. The more dominant allele for a trait (such as hair color) is usually the one that will show in that offspring., Quickie Fact! - The DNA codes for amino acids.Every group of three nitrogen bases of the DNA is read by the cell to determine the sequence of amino acids. The amino acids produce proteins (building blocks of cells). If there is a mutation (change) to the DNA , it could alter the shape and function of the protein. The change could have no effect (neutral), or it may be harmful or beneficial to the organism. ,

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