Have to / Must EXAMPLES: --> You have to switch off your phone during take off 🛫 and landing 🛬 --> I must get ready for class! It's getting late! --> You have to watch this film! It's amazing! RULE 1. ____ and ____ are normally used to talk about ____, or something that is ____ to do. These are also used for ____ recommendations. EXAMPLES: --> If you want to visit the US, you have to get a VISA. --> I must style my hair for today's meeting. RULES: 1. ____ is more common for general external obligations, like rules and laws. 2. ____ is more common for specific (i.e. one occasion) or personal obligations. Not Have to // Mustn't WATCH OUT! Their negative forms have COMPLETELY DIFFERENT MEANINGS: EXAMPLES: --> You don't have to go the party if you don't want to. --> If you drink alcohol, you mustn't drive. RULE: We use ____ when there's no obligation to do something, and ____ when something is prohibited. MORE EXAMPLES: 1. I had to get vaccinated but I couldn't make it on time to the appointment. 2. You didn't have to buy me flowers. I know you love me anyways. 3. She must come to the party. It's going to be awesome! RULE: ____ is a normal verb and it is used in ____ tenses and forms. ____ is a modal verb. It only exists in ____ (with meaning of present tense), but it can also be used with a future meaning. should / ought to EXAMPLES: 1. You should wear a jacket if you're going out. It seems to be cold. 2. You shouldn't drink so much coffee. It isn't good for you. RULE: We use ____ to give advice or an opinion. ____ is not as strong as must or have to. We can also say it using other words (and keeping the meaning): EXAMPLES: --> You ought to wear a jacket if you're going outside. It seems to be cold. --> You ought not to drink so much coffee. It isn't good for you. RULE: We can use ____ / ____ instead of should / shouldn't CAN / BE ABLE TO Check the following examples: 1. She can speak three languages fluently. 2. Jenny can't come tonight. She's ill. 3. Our daughter could play the violin when she was three. RULES: 1. ____ is a modal verb. It only has a present form (which can be used with future meaning) and a past, or conditional form ____. CAN / BE ABLE TO Check the following examples: 1. Luke has been able to swim since he was three. 2. I love being able to work from home. RULES: 1. We use ____ + ____ for ability and possibility, where there is no form of ____, e.g. present perfect, infinitive, gerund, etc. FORM: Check the following examples: 1. Must I switch my phone off now? 2. You mustn't park there, unless you want to get a ticket. 3. Should I wear the green or the pink dress? 4. Shouldn't you be at school right now? 5. You shouldn't try to reach perfection. It doesn't exist. RULES: 1. ____ do not need helping verbs (like do/does) to ____.

Modal Verbs and Have to. Obligation, prohibition, and advice

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