digestive tract - a series of tube like organs such as the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus all form thee , liver, gallbladder, pancreas and salivary glands - organs that food does not pass through, digestion - the process of breaking down food into a form that can pass from the digestive tract into the bloodstream, mechanical digestion - the breaking, crushing, and mashing of food , chemical digestion - large molecules are broken down into nutrients that the body needs for normal growth, maintenance and repair, three major types of nutrients - carbohydrates, proteins and fats, enzymes - break down nutrients into smaller particles that can be used by the body. , two reasons chewing is important - 1. it creates small, slippery pieces of food that are easier to swallow than big, dry pieces. 2. Small pieces of food are easier to digest than big pieces., why are teeth important to mechanical digestion? - the break down and grind food into smaller pieces., enamel - outermost layer of a tooth, hardest material in the body. It protects nerves and softer material inside the tooth., molars - grind food, premolars - mash food, incisors - shred food, found in front of mouth, canines - are teeth that also shred food, found in front of mouth, Saliva - Made by the salivary glands. It contains an enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates. It turns complex carbohydrates to simple sugars, peristalsis - rhythmic muscle contractions of the esophagus to move food to the stomach, esophagus - this organ squeezes the mass of food through peristalsis, and passes it to the stomach. It is also known as the food tube, How do enzymes and acids work together in the stomach to aid in digestion? - they work together to break food down into the nutrients the body needs. The stomach acid also kills most of the bacteria that you may swallow with your food, 3 ways the liver helps with digestion - 1. makes bile and stores fat, 2. stores nutrients, 3. breaks down toxins, where is bile made? - the liver, where is bile temporarily stored? - the gallbladder, what does bile do? - breaks down large fat droplets into smaller droplets for easier digestion, How does the liver use the nutrients it stores? - It slowly releases the stored nutrients into the bloodstream as needed., Function of the large intestine - It stores, compacts and then eliminates indigestible materials from the body, where do we get fiber from? - whole grains, fruits, and vegetables that contain cellulose which humans cannot digest. , What is the purpose of fiber? - It keeps our stool soft and keeps the material moving through the large intestine., pancreas, liver and gallbladder - 3 organs that helps with nutrition absorption, How does the large intestine transform the waste materials before leaving the body.  - It absorbs most of the water in the mixture turning it into semi-solid waste,

Digestive System

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