Stage 1 - A fault opens in the rock., Stage 2 - Due to hydraulic action the fault becomes bigger to form a notch., Stage 3 - Abrasion and hydraulic action widen the notch into a cave that keeps getting bigger., Stage 4 - Due to waves and erosion, the cave opens through and forms an arch., Stage 5 - The arch keeps widening and the roof becomes too heavy and collapses., Stage 6 - This leads to a stack, standing, but still being undercut., Stage 7 - The stack will eventually collapse leaving a stump.,

Caves, arches, stacks and stumps

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