We use the passive when the action is more important than the person or when the person is not known - Research has been carried out into when babies start to learn a language, We use by + the person who carried out the action when this includes useful information - I attended some presentations given by experts in your field, Intransitive verbs cannot be made passive - You will arrive in Madrid, which is 450km from my hometown, Modals (should, must, could, etc.) can be followed by the infinitive passive - The lecture room should be air-conditioned , This is an example of the passive of a past modal - The lecturer should have been given more time, an example of the passive ing - He enjoys being recognised in the street. , When a verb has two objects, it is more to make the 'person object' the subject, rather than the 'thing object' - We were given a lot of important advice in the lecture, We can use subject + passive + to infinitive  - Several people are said to have been injured in the accident, passive structures can be made with it + passive + clause - In my culture, it is considered rude if you don't eat the food the people give to you,

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