Background: 1945-54 Vietnam wages war of Independence v France, US backed the French financially. , Geneva Peace Accords divide Vietnam (17th Parallel), North communist (Ho Chi Minh) South non communist (Ngo Dinh Diem), French defeated at Dien Bien Phu (1954), US Policy towards Vietnam: Eisenhower - 'Domino Theory', Fear that South East Asia could turn Communist, US commits to 'containing' communism, Support for Ngo Dinh Diem ($2 billion), Eisenhower + JFK provide military advisers, Escalation: President Johnson (1963-68), Gulf of Tonkin Incident (1964), US Resolution = 'full-scale' war against North Vietnam, Operation Rolling Thunder (1965-68), 500,000 US troops by 1967, US Tactics: Chemical warfare (Agent Orange / Napalm), Search + Destroy Missions (Zippo Raids), Body Count, Win 'Hearts and Minds' of Peasantry, Strategic Hamlet Programme, Viet Cong Tactics: Guerilla warfare (Ambush), Tunnel networks (Cu Chi), Booby traps, Sabotage, Ho Chi Minh Trail (1600km), US Public Opinion (Turns): Turning point - 'TET Offensive' 1968, Peak of anti-war protests (68-70), Walter Cronkite - 'Most trusted man in America', Mai Lai Massacre (1968), Kent State Shootings (1970), Ending the War: President Nixon + Henry Kissinger, Policy of Vietnamisation, 'Peace with Honour', Expands bombing to Laos and Cambodia, Peace Talks 1973 (Paris), Aftermath: 1975 - South falls for Communist North, US Propaganda 'disaster', Policy of Containment questioned, $110 billion estimated cost to the US!, 58,000 US deaths,

Vietnam War - Overview

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