The first reason is influence from the learner's first language (mother tongue/L1) on the second language (L2)., This is called interference or transfer. Learners may use sound patterns, lexis or grammatical structures from their own language in English., There are two kinds: It is important to know that if this (using one’s L1 and transferring the use of sounds, for instance, to the second language) successful, it is called positive transfer, because it facilitates learning., On the other hand, if the transfer results in an incorrect use of the L2, it is called negative transfer, because it might impede learning..

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