Apley Scratch Test - Pain provocation. Ask patient to touch opposite scapula (upper and lower). Positive - pain., Test for Rotator cuff or adhesive scapulitis  - Apley Scratch Test, Subacromial Palpation - Pain provocation. Find the acromion and palpate. Positive = pain, Test for inflammation of the tendons/bursa - Subacromial Palpation, Tests for subacromial impingement/rotator cuff tendinitis disorder - Hawkin’s Impingement Sign & Neer Impingement Sign, Neer Impingement Sign - Pain provocation. Place one hand on the patient's scapula while grasping their forearm with your other. Medially rotate (thumb is pointing downward). Gently forward flex the arm, positioning the hand over the head. Positive = pain., Hawkin’s Impingement Sign - Pain provocation. Raise the patient's arm to 90 degrees flexion. Medially rotate. This places the greater tubercle of the humerus in a position to further compromise the space beneath the acromion. Positive = pain., Empty Can Test or Jobe’s Test - COMPOSITE test. Elevate arms to 90 degrees and medially rotate both arms. Ask patient to resist as you place downward pressure on the arms. Pain or weakness = Positive test, Tests for supraspinatus disorders - Empty Can Test or Jobe’s Test, Drop arm test, and External Rotation Lag Test, External Rotation Resistance Test - COMPOSITE test. Ask patient to slightly abduct their shoulders, and then flex elbows at 90 degrees with thumbs turned up. Place your hands on the outside of their forearm. Ask patient to push their arms out (externally rotate) while you resist. Pain or weakness = Positive., External Rotation Lag Test - STRENGTH test. Flex elbow 90° palm up, fully externally rotate arm, patient holds position, Test for infraspinatus or teres minor disorders - External Rotation Resistance Test, Test for infraspinatus/supraspinatus disorders - External Rotation Lag Test, Internal Rotation Lag Test (Gerbers’ Lift Off Test) - STRENGTH test. Place back of the patient’s hand to their lower back with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees. Then grip the wrist and lift the hand off the back (this internally rotates the shoulder). Ask the patient to keep hand in this position after you release your hand. Inability to maintain position = Positive test, Test for subscapularis disorders. - Internal Rotation Lag Test (Gerbers’ Lift Off Test), Drop arm test - Ask patient to fully abduct the arm shoulder level up to 90 degrees and lower it slowly. Sudden drops towards body = positive., Crossover or Crossed Body Adduction Test - Pain provocation. Have patient adduct arm across their chest. Pain = positive test, Test for AC joint problem - Crossover or Crossed Body Adduction Test, Shoulder Apprehension Test or Anterior Apprehension Test - APPREHENSION test. Supine. Abduct the arm to 90 degrees and flex elbow to 90 degrees. Support patient’s elbow with one hand and other with wrist. Slowly externally rotate the humerus. If patient expresses reluctance during movement = positive test., Test for anterior shoulder instability. - Shoulder Apprehension Test or Anterior Apprehension Test,

Shoulder tests

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