The CPU stands for ____. It processes all of the ____ and instructions that make the system work. The processing power of a CPU depends on different characteristics, like its ____, ____, and ____. The CPU ____ describes the ____, of the CPU, how they ____ with each other, and with ____ of the computer system. The CPU has three main parts: ____, ____ and The Cache. The control unit is in overall control of the CPU. Its main job is to manage the ____, ____, and execution of the program instructions. It controls the ____ of data inside the CPU and outside the CPU. The ALU stands for ____ and does all the calculations. It completes simple ____ and subtractions, compares the size of numbers, and can do ____ and divisions. It performs logic operations such as ____, OR and ____ and binary shifts. The cache is very ____ memory in the CPU. It's ____ than the registers but faster than RAM. It stores regularly used data so that the CPU can access it quickly the next time it is needed. When the CPU requests data, it checks the ____ first to see if there is data there. If not, it will fetch data from the ____. Cache have a very low capacity and are expensive compared to RAM and secondary storage. There are different levels of cache memory L1, L2 and L3. L1 is quickest but has low capacity, L2 is slower than L1 but can hold more, ____ is slower than L2 but can hold more. The ____ architecture describes a system where the CPU runs programs stored in memory. Programs consist of ____ and ____ which are stored in the memory address. The ____r holds the memory address of the instruction for each cycle The ____r holds any memory address about to be used in the CPU. The address might point to DATA or a CPU Instruction. The ____r holds the actual data or instruction. This may have been fetched from memory, or be waiting to be written to memory. The accumulator stores intermediate results of calculations in the ALU. CPU follow the fetch - Decode - Execute cycle CPU follow the fetch - ____ - Execute cycle To execute a program, the program code is copied from secondary storage into the ____ The CPU's program counter is set to the memory location where the ____ instruction in the program has been stored, and execution begins. The program is now running. In a program, each machine code ____ takes up a slot in the main memory. These slots (or memory locations) each have a unique memory address. The program counter stores the address of each instruction and tells the CPU in what order they should be carried out. When a program is being executed, the CPU performs the fetch-decode-execute cycle, which ____ over and over again until reaching the ____ instruction. Embedded Systems are computers inside a ____. Embedded systems are computers, built into other devices, like dishwashers, ____, and TV's. Embedded systems are often, used as ____ - they monitor and control machinery in order to achieve the desired result. E.g in a dishwasher, the embedded system could control the ____ and water release mechanisms, manage the various dishwasher cycles and control the thermostat to keep the water at an appropriate level. Embedded systems are usually ____ to design, ____ to produce and more ____ at doing their task than a general-purpose computer. CPU performance depends on ____, Cores and Cache.Clock Speed This is the number of instructions a single ____ core can carry out per second (Hz). For most desktop computers, this will be somewhere around 3.5GHz (3.5 billion instructions per second). The higher the clock speed the greater the number of instructions that can be carried out per second. Some CPU's can be ____ to make them run at a higher speed than the factory-set rate. If this is not done properly it can be risky. It can make the CPU ____, causing crashes on permanent ____ to the system. Number of Cores Each core in a CPU can process data ____ of the rest. The more cores a CPU has, the more ____ it can carry out at once, so the faster it can process a batch of data. Most PC's and smartphones have ____ or more cores these days. Cache Size The cache is a data storage inside the CPU that is much ____ than RAM. A larger CPU cache gives the CPU faster access to more data it needs to process.

System Architecture

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