Ocean Basin - A large, bowl-shaped depression on Earth’s surface that holds the ocean. It includes the deep ocean floor as well as continental shelves and slopes., Euphotic Zone - The top layer of the ocean where sunlight can reach, allowing photosynthesis to happen. It usually extends down to about 200 metres and supports most marine life., Aphotic Zone - The deep part of the ocean below the euphotic zone where no sunlight can reach. It's completely dark and photosynthesis cannot occur, Latitude - A measure of how far a place is from the Equator, given in degrees. The Equator is 0°, the North Pole is 90°N, and the South Pole is 90°S., Angle of Insolation - The angle at which sunlight hits the Earth's surface. It affects how much solar energy an area receives., LOW angle of Insolation - Occurs at the poles: sunlight hits at 10 degrees to the surface of Earth so light is spread over a BIG area making it less intense, HIGH angle of Insolation - Occurs at the equator: sunlight hits at 90 degrees so is spread over a small area and is more intense, Poles - 90o Latitude: receive no sunlight at all for 6 months every year, very cold, Mid Latitudes - 40o latitude: these areas experience strong seasonal changes in temperature between Summer and Winter, Equator - 0o latitude: this is the equator it receives direct sunlight all year round so is very hot, Salinity - Measure of how much salt is dissolved into the oceans water in g/L this varies between 31 and 37, Density - Measure of how much matter is in a volume measured in g/cm3 , Evaporation - The process where liquid water turns into water vapour (gas) due to heat from the Sun. This removes fresh water from the ocean., Sea Ice Melting - This process occurs at the poles during Summer and adds fresh water into the ocean., Precipitation - When water condenses in the atmosphere and falls into the ocean as rain. This adds fresh water to the ocean., Brine Exclusion - As ice crystals grow they push out salt into the ocean because pure ice is made only of freshwater., High Density - LOTS of matter packed into a volume eg. solids, cold liquids, very salty liquid, Low Density - Not much matter packed into a volume eg. gasses, warm liquids, fresh water, Mixed Layer - Upper 200m of the ocean that is warm and less dense than layers below it, Deep layer - Bottom 1000+ m of water in the ocean that is dark, cold, and more dense than layers above it, Pycnocline - Layer of water between the mixed and deep layers where density suddenly changes, Thermocline - Transitional layer between the mixed and deep layer of the ocean where temperature changes from hot to cold, Halocline - Transitional layer between the mixed and deep layer of the ocean where salinity rapidly changes,

Ocean Composition

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