1) A supporter of the Cartesian hypothesis would probably agree with which of the following statements? a) Understanding a proposition is one thing and believing another b) Believing is the most effortful thing that a human mind does c) Belief is more quickly and easily acquired than doubt d) Human beings are more prone to rejecting than believing propositions e) Human beings are skeptical and credulous in equal measure 2) Unlike the Spinozan hypothesis, the Cartesian hypothesis suggests that at any point in time, a human mind may contain some a) ununderstood propositions that are believed b) ununderstood propositions that are neither believed nor disbelieved c) understood propositions that are believed d) understood propositions that are disbelieved e) understood propositions that are neither believed nor disbelieved 3) Which of the following statements about an understandable and false proposition is not supported by the Spinozan hypothesis? a) Its comprehension is a prerequisite for its rejection. b) Its comprehension does not require effort. c) Its acceptance occurs before its rejection. d) Its comprehension is automatically followed by its acceptance. e) Its rejection does not happen automatically. 4) It can be inferred from the Spinozan hypothesis that when exposed to understandable but suspicious propositions, a person who is too distracted or tired to exert much mental effort is a) less likely to comprehend them than when he is alert and mentally fresh b) more likely to comprehend them than when he is alert and mentally fresh c) more likely to be uncertain and uncommitted about their truth-value than when he is alert and mentally fresh d) more likely to believe them than when he is alert and mentally fresh e) more likely to disbelieve them than when he is alert and mentally fresh 5) It can be inferred from the passage that to make his target customers believe his advertisements, an advertiser should a) convey the message only using words familiar to the target customers b) convey the message using the traditional motifs of the target customers c) not use any negative words in his message d) not distract the customer's mind by use of images or stories e) not overwhelm the customer's mind by presenting a lot of information 6) The author of the passage a) supports the Cartesian hypothesis b) supports the Spinozan hypothesis c) has a neutral stance towards the two hypotheses d) rejects both the hypotheses e) belongs to the scientific community

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