Bacterium - a single bacteria- microscopic prokaryotes (unicellular organism that does not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles), Flagellum - a long whiplike structure on a bacteria used for movement, Fission - cell division that forms 2 identical cells. Can occur as often as every 20 minutes., Conjugation - 2 bacteria of the same species attach to each other and combine their genetic material. DAN is transferred between the bacteria and a new combination of genes is made., Endospore - forms when a bacterium builds a thick internal wall around its chromosome and part of cytoplasm. Protects against heat, cold, or drought and allows the bacteria to remain dormant., Decomposition - the breaking down of dead organisms and organic waste, Nitrogen Fixation - the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen compounds that are usable by living things, Bioremediation - the use of organisms, such as bacteria, to clean up environmental pollution- breakdown of harmful substances into less harmful material to be used as landfill or fertilizer, Pathogen - bacteria that cause disease, Antibiotic - medicines that stop the growth and reproduction of bacteria, Pasteruization - the process of heating food to a temperature that kills most harmful bacteria. Done in a factory before going to the grocery store, 3 benefits of bacteria - help with digestion, helps break down food to make vitamin K (to help blood clot), good bacteria helps keep harmful bacteria from growing, 3 ways bacteria is harmful - can cause diseases, can cause food poisoning, and can damage tissue in your body , foods commonly pasteurized - ice cream, milk, yogurt, fruit juice, why we pasteurize foods - by properly treating or processing food and killing bacteria before food is stored or eaten, it is easier to avoid food poisoning or other illnesses, 3 things that an endospore can protect bacteria from - Protects against heat, cold, or drought and allows the bacteria to remain dormant., 3 main shapes of bacteria - round/sphere, rod-shaped, or spiral shaped, what type of cell is bacteria? - prokaryote, 2 ways bacteria reproduce - fission and conjugation, explains why viruses are NOT alive - viruses do not have characteristics of a living organism: organized, respond to stimuli, use energy, grow, and reproduce, How viruses replicate - viruses must be inside a cell to replicate- virus enters host, becomes part of host cell, takes controo of the host cell and replicates itself, why antibiotics don't work against viruses - antibiotics only work against bacteria, 3 way people can become immune to a virus - acquired immunity (been infected and recovered), natural immunity (passed from mother to child), and vaccination,

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