*mercantilism, *an economic system where colonies exist to make the home country wealthy by exporting more than importing, *colonization, *the act of settling and controlling land, *colony, *land controlled by another country, exploration, traveling to new lands to learn about them, alternative, another choice or option, dynasty, a family that rules for a long time, ambassador, a person who represents their country, Magnetic compass, a tool that helps sailors find direction, Astrolabe, a tool used to measure stars to find location, myth, a story that is not true, plunder, to steal goods by force, precise, exact and accurate, Line-of-demarcation, an imaginary line dividing land between countries, strait, a narrow waterway connecting two larger bodies of water, establish, to set up or start, rigid, strict and hard to change, conquistador, a Spanish explorer or soldier, shrewd, clever and smart in decision making, *motive, *a reason for doing something, province, a region or area of land, charter, a written agreement allowing a colony to be formed, agriculture, farming, signify, to mean or show, *import, *goods brought into a country, *export, *goods sent out of a country, *Columbian Exchange, *the exchange of plants, animals, food, people, and diseases between Europe and the Americas, *Christopher Columbus, *an explorer who sailed for Spain and claimed land in the Americas, *Hispaniola, *the Caribbean island where Haiti and the Dominican Republic are located, *Cuba, *a Caribbean island claimed by Spain, *Spanish Caribbean colonies (Haiti & Dominican Republic), *the two countries on Hispaniola claimed by Spain (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), *viceroy, *a Spanish governor who ruled in the king’s name, *Laws of the Indies, *Spanish laws that planned settlements and organized colonies, *pueblos, missions, presidios, *the three Spanish settlement types: towns, religious centers, and military forts, *encomienda system, *a system that forced Native Americans to work for Spanish settlers, *gold and silver mining, *Spain made money by mining gold and silver, *farming and plantations, *Spain also made money through farming and plantations, *Why Europeans explored and colonized, *to gain wealth, spread religion, claim land, and use land as a jumping-off point, *Why colonists moved to colonies, *for opportunity and economic, religious, and political freedom, *Portuguese vs Spanish exploration, *Portugal sailed around Africa; Spain sailed west across the Atlantic, *Dutch colonization focus, *trade, especially fur trading, and taxing Native Americans, *Northwest Passage, *a hoped-for water route through North America to reach Asia, *Patroon system, *a Dutch system giving large land grants to wealthy settlers, *Fort Orange / Albany, *a Dutch settlement that later became Albany, *Why New Amsterdam became New York, *the English took control and renamed it after the Duke of York, *fur trade and coureurs de bois, *France made money through fur trading by trappers and traders, *New France, *the French colony in North America with a small population, *French treatment of Native Americans, *the French were generally kinder and formed alliances, *Spanish treatment of Native Americans, *the Spanish used missions to convert and often treated Native Americans harshly, *Roanoke Colony, *an English colony that failed; the fate of the settlers is unknown.

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