Hard water - Water that does not lather easily with soap, Calcium ions Ca 2+and Magnesium ions Mg 2+ - Substances that cause hardness in water. , Carbonic acid - Rain water is said to be acidic. What acid is found in the rainwater?, Carbon dioxide - Name the gas that dissolves in water to make rainwater slightly acidic, pH is below 7 - If rainwater is slightly acidic would the pH be above or below 7? , Temporary Hardness - Which type of water hardness can be removed by boiling? , Temporary hardness and permanent hardness - Name the types of hardness that can be found in water ?, Permanent hardness - Which type of hardness cannot be removed by boiling?, Distillation  Using washing soda crystals Ion-exchange resin - List 3 ways to remove hardness from water, A cation exchange resin - An ion exchange resin packed with beads coated with positive ions is called what?, An anion exchange resin - An ion-exchange resin coated with negatively charged particles is called what? , Wasting of soap. Blocks pipes leaving a scale on kettles and boilers. Produces scum - Disadvantages of hard water include, Provides calcium for bones and teeth. Nicer taste. Good for brewing and tanning leather industry - Advantages of hard water , Evaporation - The amount of dissolved solids in a water sample is found by carrying out what experiment with a known volume of water , Filtration - Determining the amount of suspended solids in the water is carried out by doing what with a known volume of water?, Aluminium sulfate - This chemical causes small suspended particles (flocs) to clump together , Chlorine - Chemical added to water to sterilise the water , Sodium fluoride, NaF - Chemical added to water to reduce tooth decay, pH sensor and data logger - What piece of equipment would you use to find the pH of a water sample? , Screening - Large suspended solids removed by passing water through large screens , Flocculation - This water treatment stage comes after screening of water ,

Environmental Chemistry - Water hardness and Water treatment

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