Waves attack a line of weakness in a headland, It is enlarged into a cave by hydraulic action and abrasion, Waves break through the back wall of the cave to form an arch, The roof of the arch collapses due to gravity as it has no support, A stack is left - this is a free standing pillar of rock out to sea, Original position of the headland, Waves attack the base of the arch weakening it.

Formation of a stack

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