Cell - the most basic structure that exhibits the characteristics of and meets the challenges of life., Cell Theory - All living things are made of cells. The smallest living things are single cells, and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms. All cells come from other cells , organelles - identifiable major structures within cells, nucleus - contains the genetic information, cytoplasm - the substance inside a cell, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, including organelles, but not including the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, plasma membrane - the structure that forms the surface of a cell separating its contents from the outside world, eukaryotic cells - a type of cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells - a type of cell without a membrane-bound nucleus and without membrane-bound organelles, considered by scientists to be a more primitive type of cell than the more complex eukaryotic cells, flagella - whiplike structures of cells that, through their movement, exert a force on the fluid surrounding the cell, either moving the fluid past the cell or moving the cell within the fluid, pili - a stringy extension of the outside surface of a prokaryotic cell that attaches it to a surface or another cell, ribosomes - a small organelle, made of RNA and protein and found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, that forms proteins from amino acids, plasmids - a small, circular unit of DNA that replicates within a cell and is most often found in bacteria, cilia - short, hairlike structures covering part or all of the surface of some eukaryotic cells, which move fluid over the membrane or move the cell through the fluid environment, Mitochondria - membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells in which cellular respiration takes place, using oxygen to break down glucose to carbon dioxide and water and putting the energy into a more readily usable form in ATP molecules, chloroplast - an organelle of some eukaryotic cells in which photosynthesis occurs, using the energy of light to make organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water(only in plant cells), vacuole - A storage organelle of the cell. Some vacuoles help transport food molecules across a cell membrane., vesicle - a small, membrane-enclosed structure inside a cell, smaller than a vacuole, often containing chemical substances for transport to another place in or out of the cell, endocytosis - the process of a cell's membrane surrounding something outside the cell and forming a bubble of membrane around it to bring it into the cell in a vacuole or vesicle, exocytosis - the merging of the membrane of a vesicle (or vacuole) originally inside the cell with the plasma membrane of the cell, opening the vesicle to the outside of the cell, releasing the vesicle's original contents to the outside, passive transport - movement of materials across a membrane that does not require energy from the cell, active transport - movement of materials across a membrane that requires an input of energy from a cell, concentration gradient - the region over which there is a change in concentration of a substance, concentration - the amount of something in a given volume, Rough Endoplasmic reticulum - Produces ribosomes, Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum - produces lipids , Lysosomes - contain chemicals that break down material taken in by the cell into a form that the cell can use, Central Vacuole  - helps control the water content of the cell and also stores material(only in plant cell), Chlorophyll - the pigment in the chloroplast to help absorb the sunlight energy,

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