Nitrification - Conversion of ammonia into nitrites and then nitrates, Denitrification - conversion of nitrate in a series of steps into the gases nitrous oxide and eventually nitrogen gas, Dead zone - When oxygen concentration become so low that it kills fish and other aquatic animals, Hypoxic - Low in oxygen, Tragedy of commons - a problem that occurs when individuals exploit a shared resource to the extent that demand overwhelms supply and the resource becomes unavailable to some or all., Resource partitioning - When species divide a niche to avoid competition for resources, Detritivore - an organism (such as an earthworm or a fungus) that feeds on dead and decomposing organic matter, Gross Primary Productivity - the amount of carbon fixed during photosynthesis by all producers in the ecosystem., Net Primary Productivity - he difference between the energy fixed by autotrophs and their respiration, Ecological footprint - measures how fast we consume resources and generate waste compared to how fast nature can absorb our waste and generate resources., Sustainable development - development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs., Terrestrial biome - a geographical region categorized by a particular combination of average annual temperature, annual precipitation and distinctive plant growth forms on land, Tundra - A cold and treeless biome with low growing vegetation, Boreal forest - A forest biome made up primarily of coniferous evergreen trees that can tolerate cold winters and short growing seasons, Temperate rainforest - A coastal biome typified by moderate temperature and high precipitation, Law of conservation of mass - the principle that in any closed system subjected to no external forces, the mass is constant irrespective of its changes, Theory of island biogeography - the biodiversity and number of species inhabiting an island is impacted by the island's land size and degree of isolation., Ecological tolerance - Capacity of an organism to tolerate certain conditions or changes to its environment, due to physiological and morphological properties, Bottleneck effect - drastic reduction in the size of the population that reduces genetic variation, Allopatric speciation - process of speciation that occurs with geographical isolation,

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