People have always been interested in stars. A thousand years ago sailors used the stars to find their way at sea. Scientists always ____ to see farther into space. Galileo Galilei, an Italian scientist, built the first telescope in 1609. He ____ it to discover mountains on the moon. He also ____ the rings of Saturn and four of Jupiter’s moons. Since then the telescope ____ a lot. The Hubble telescope, which was launched in 1990, is the size of a large bus. It completes 15 orbits a day. On 25 December, 2021, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) was launched. It has a much bigger mirror and is farther away from Earth than the Hubble telescope. People ____ rocket engines for hundreds of years. As soon as we were able to send the first rockets into space, we also sent animals. The first to go ____ fruit flies in 1947. They were followed by spiders, monkeys and mice. In 1957, A Soviet rocket launched the first satellite. It orbited Earth for three months. The first human, Yuri Gagarin, ____ the Earth in 1961. He ____ one orbit in his spacecraft Vostok 1, which took him one hour and 48 minutes. In 1965, another Russian astronaut, Alexey Leonov, left his spacecraft and took a ‘spacewalk’. He floated in space for 12 minutes. In 1968 three Americans left Earth’s orbit and travelled around the Moon. A year later, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed and walked on the Moon. Since then more people ____ there. We are hoping to send people to Mars one day, but so far we have only sent spacecraft to the red planet. The first one ____ on Mars in 2008. There are six rovers on Mars now.

Space exploration

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