Waxy cuticle - Protective layer on top of the leaf. Reduces the evaporation of water. , Upper epidermis - Thin and transparent to allow light to enter the palisade mesophyll layer underneath it., Palisade mesophyll - Has column shaped cells tightly packed with chloroplasts to absorb lots of light for photosythesis., Spongy mesophyll - Has air spaces to allow diffusion of gases through the leaf., Lower epidermis - Contains guard cells and stomata (pores)., Guard cell - Cell that can change shape to open and close the stomata to allow exchannge of gases., Stomata - Where gas exchange takes place. Open during the day and closes during the night. Evaporation of water takes place from here. , Vascular bundle - The veins which contain xylem and phloem to transport substances to and from the leaf, Xylem - Transports water and mineral ions from the roots into the leaf., Phloem - Transports sucrose (sugar) produced in photosynthesis away from the leaf to other parts of the plant.,

Leaf Structures and Adaptations

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