Ionizing radiation - enough energy to knock electrons from atoms forming ions, capable of causing cancer (gamma-Xrays-UV), High Quality Energy - organized & concentrated, can perform useful work (fossil fuel & nuclear), Low Quality Energy - disorganized, dispersed (heat in ocean or air wind, solar), First Law of Thermodynamics - energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another, Second Law of Thermodynamics - when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat), Natural radioactive decay - unstable radioisotopes decay releasing gamma rays, alpha & beta particles, Half life - the time it takes for ½ the mass of a radioisotope to decay, Estimate of how long a radioactive isotope must be stored until it decays to a safe level - approximately 10 half-lives, Nuclear Fission - nuclei of isotopes split apart when struck by neutrons, Nuclear Fusion - 2 isotopes of light elements (H) forced together at high temperatures till they fuse to form a heavier nucleus. Expensive, break even point not reached yet,

APES Vocabulary 1-10

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