Temperatures are only warm enough for photosynthesis - for 2-3 months -a short growing season., Precipitation (rain) is low  at 150-200mm  - plants adapt by having small leaves that don't lose any moisture., Plants avoid the extreme wind chill by - growing close to the ground., The ground is mostly permafrost - so roots can only grow in the top layer that has few nutrients. , Average winter temperatures are as low as -30c - that most flora and fauna would die in such temperatures. , Photosynthesis is so low  - that no trees grow here. , Bearberry plant have adapted to permafrost  - by having a shallow root system. , Arctic foxes have - thick fur, hair on their pads and thick curly tails. , Musk Ox's have - two layers of fur, hard hooves ,

Tundra adaptation

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