Summer is the ____ of the four temperate seasons, falling after ____ and before autumn. At the summer ____, there is earliest sunrise and latest sunset, and the days are longer and the nights are shorter, with day ____ decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The ____ of the beginning of summer varies according ____ climate, tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the ____ Hemisphere, it is ____ in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa. Where a seasonal lag of half a season or more is common, reckoning based on astronomical markers is shifted half a season. By this method, in North America, summer is the period from the summer solstice (usually 20 or 21 ____ in the Northern Hemisphere) to the autumn ____. Reckoning by cultural festivals, the summer season in the United States is ____ regarded as beginning on Memorial Day ____ (the last weekend in May) and ending on Labor Day (the first ____ in September), more closely in line with the meteorological definition for the parts of the country that have four-season ____. The similar Canadian tradition starts summer on Victoria Day one week prior (although summer conditions ____ widely across Canada's expansive territory) and ends, as in the United States, on Labour Day. Schools and universities typically have a summer ____ to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all ____, children are out of ____ during this time of year for summer break, although ____ vary. In the United States, public schools usually end in late ____ in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges ____ in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, ____ higher institutions often resume in ____-August. In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September; in Scotland, the summer ____ begins in late June and ends in mid- to late-August.

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