compound of muscle cells (muscle fibers) ; can contract ; consists of three major types - Muscle Tissue, branching fibers that are connected to each other with intercalated disks ; single nucleus - Cardiac Muscle Tissue Structure, Example/Location of Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium - Respiratory Tubes, made up of layers of flattened cells that are designed to protect underlying layers (primarily for protection) - Stratified Squamos Epithelium, protein that gives our skin strength - Keratin, Examples/Location of Stratified Squamos Epithelium - outer layer of skin and lines the mouth, throat, vagina and anal canal, Epithelial Tissue - widespread throughout the body - covers organs and lines body surfaces, 2-3 layers of cuboidal cells lining a lumen - Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium, Anchored to a basement membrane - Epithelial Tissue, made up of tightly packed cells containing little intercellular material - Epithelial Tissue, inside space of a gland - Lumen, generally lacks blood vessels - Epithelial Tissue, Examples/Location of Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium - mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands and pancreas, several layers of columnar cells - Stratified Columnar Epithelium, Examples/Location of Stratified Columnar Epithelium - vas deferens (tubes that carry sperm) ; male urethra ( tube that carries urine ) ; Pharynx ( throat ), Distend & Return to its normal size; provides distensibility ( capable of being stretched under pressure ) ; keeps urine from diffusing back into the internal cavity ; cells go from cubed ---> flat when stretched - Transitional Epithelium, Made of collagen, add strength ( white fibers ) - Collagenous Tissue Fibers, Made of protein elastin, are stretchy ( yellow fibers ) - Elastic Tissue Fibers, Thin collagenous fibers that form supportive networks - Reticular Tissue Fibers, Forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body that binds body parts together such as skin and underlying organs majority are fibroblasts - Areolar Loose Connective Tissue, Location of Areolar Tissue - Basement membrane ; between skin & muscle ; packages organs, Designed to store fat - Adipose Loose Connective Tissue, Location of Adipose Tissue - Beneath the skin, around joints, padding the kidneys and other internal organs and in certain abdominal membranes, composed of thin collagenous fibers provides the framework of certain internal organs such as the liver and spleen forms the supporting framework of the lymphoid organs, bone marrow and liver - Reticular Loose Connective Tissue, Location of Reticular Connective Tissue - Liver, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, bone marrow and liver, Rigid connective tissue that provides a supportive framework, lacks vascular system, heals slowly - Cartilage, Cartilage Cell - Chondrocyte, Connect muscle to bones - Tendon, Connects bone to bone - Ligament, Most common cartilage ; white with abundant fine collagen fibers ; found at the ends of bones and supports respiratory passages - Hyaline Cartilage, Contains elastic fibers provides a framework for the external ears and parts of the larynx ( voicebox ) - Elastic Cartilage, Are replaced frequently - Epithelial Tissue, Examples of Epithelial Tissue - Skin, thyroid, intestine, lung, liver and kidney, Tough shock absorber - Fibrocartilage, Examples of Fibrocartilage - Intervertebral disk, knees and pelvic girdle, Most rigid connective tissue contains deposits of mineral salts and collagen within the matrix internally supports body and protects organs ; forms muscle attachments ; site for blood cell formation ( marrow ) - Bone, Composed of cells ( red, white, platelets ) suspended in a liquid matrix called plasma ; functions to transport substance throughout the body - Blood, Lines body cavities that don't open to the outside, covers the organs within these cavities, made up of epithelium and loose connective secrete serous fluid ( acts as a lubricant ) - Serous Membranes ( Epithelial ), Lines cavities and openings that open to the outside ; oral and nasal ; specialized cells that secrete mucus - Mucous Membranes ( Epithelial ), Skin - Cutaneous Membranes ( Epithelial ), Flat Epithelial Shape - Squamos, Cubed Epithelial Shape - Cuboidal ( all have lumens ), Column Epithelial Shape - Columnar, Gland that secretes fluid - Merocrine Glands, Examples of Merocrine Glands - Salivary, sweat and pancreas, Gland that secretes fluid with cell pieces - Apocrine Glands, Release heparin ( keeps blood from clotting ) and histamine ( promotes inflammation ) ( near blood vessels ) - Mast, Lines the joint cavities, consists of only connective tissues, secrete lubricating synovial fluid - Synovial Membranes ( Connective ), Locations of Nervous Tissue - Brain, Spinal Cord and Nerves, Single layer Epithelial - Simple, 2 or more layers Epithelial - Stratified, Functions of Epithelial - Protection, Secretion, Absorbtion, Excretion, Sensory and Reception, Single layer of thin flattened cells ; suited for diffusion - Simple Squamos Epithelium, Example/Location of Simple Squamos Epithelium - Lungs, blood and lymph vessels and body cavities, Examples of Apocrine Glands - Mammary glands ( secretion - milk ), Nervous Tissue Functions in: - Neurons ( nerve cells ) ; neuroglia ( helper cells ), Conduct Nervous Impulses - Neurons, Support and nourish the neurons - Neuroglia, Cardiac Muscle Control & Location - Involuntary ( heart ), Skeletal Muscle Structure - Cells are long and cylindrical ; striated ( striped ) & have many nuclei, Skeletal Muscle Control & Location - Voluntary ; attached to bone, Smooth Muscle Structure - Spindle - shaped cells ; one nucleus ; lack striations, Smooth Muscle Control & Location - Involuntary ; internal organs ( walls ) , in the digestive tract, blood vessels and urinary bladder, Gland that secretes entire cells ( whole ) - Holocrine Glands, Examples of Holocrine Glands - Sebaceous Glands, Characteristics of Connective Tissue - Bind, support, protect ; frameworks ; fill spaces ; store fat ; produces blood cells ; protects against infection ; repair tissue damage have an abundance of extracellular matrix throughout ; have good blood supplies ( except cartilage ), Space or material between cells - Extracellular Matrix, Secretes Fibers - FIbroblasts, Defend against infection ( wandering ) - Macrophages, Single layer of cube - shaped cells with centrally located nuclei ; secretion and absorbtion - Simple Cuboidal Epithelium, Example/Location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - Functions in secretion in glands ; function in secretion and absorbtion in the kidneys, Made up of a single row of elongated cells, nuclei near bottom of cell ; ( may be ciliated ) - Simple Columnar Epithelium, Mucus - secreting, found along columnar cells - Goblet cells, Increase the surface area available for absorbtion - Microvilli, Appear layered due to the verifying positions of their nuclei within the row of cells but aren't truly layered ; cilia may be present , along with goblet cells that line and sweep debris from respiratory tubes - Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium, Example/Location of Transitional Epithelium - Lining of Urinary Bladder,

Unit 2: Tissues

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