: Look at each sentence above. Which words or phrases make the statements less certain or more cautious?, In sentences 1, 4, and 5, what do you notice about the structure "It is believed that," "It is claimed that," and "The report indicates that"? How do these phrases affect the strength of the statement?, How does the use of modal verbs like "might," "could," and "may" in sentences 2 and 4 change the certainty of the statement?, Why do you think authors use hedging language in academic writing? What might be the advantages of using words like "suggest," "appear," or "indicate" instead of more definitive terms?, Take a direct statement like "Scientists have proven that exercise improves mental health" and change it using hedging language. How does this affect the tone and certainty of the sentence?,

Hedging: Inductive

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