What is chest wall compliance?, The ability of the chest wall to expand and recoil during ventilation., What is the normal chest wall compliance value?, 0.2 L/cmH₂O., What is Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?, The lung volume at end-expiration where lung recoil inward = chest wall recoil outward (~40% of total lung capacity)., How do the lungs and chest wall interact at FRC?, ung recoil pulls inward and chest wall recoil pulls outward, balancing each other., What happens when chest wall compliance decreases?, The chest becomes harder to expand → more effort required to breathe → tidal volume decreases., Which conditions decrease chest wall compliance?, Obesity, kyphosis, scoliosis, and kyphoscoliosis., What breathing pattern results from reduced chest wall compliance?, Smaller tidal volumes with faster respiratory rate., What is kyphosis?, A forward rounding of the upper spine ("hunchback")., What is scoliosis?, A sideways curvature of the spine (S-shaped)., What is kyphoscoliosis?, A combination of kyphosis and scoliosis causing severe reduction in chest wall compliance., formula for total compliance, CLT = CL(lung compliance) + CT(chest wall compliance) , Why is total compliance calculated using inverse values?, Because the lung and chest wall elastances add, not their compliances., What happens to alveolar pressure when tidal volume increases and compliance stays the same?, Alveolar pressure increases because ΔP = ΔV / C., What happens to alveolar pressure when compliance decreases and tidal volume stays the same?, Pressure increases because a stiffer lung requires more pressure to expand., What happens to expiratory flow when compliance decreases?, The lung recoils faster, so air exits more quickly., What happens to expiratory flow when compliance increases?, The lung recoils slowly, so air comes out more slowly., Relationship between flow, pressure, and resistance?, V = (P1 - P2) / R., What increases airway resistance?, Higher flow velocity and smaller airway radius., What happens if resistance increases while pressure stays the same?, Flow decreases., What happens to inhale/exhale time when airway resistance increases?, Inhalation and exhalation become slower., What happens if resistance increases and flow must stay the same?, Pressure must increase..

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