Agile / Waterfall / V-Model, Name the most commonly used testing methodology., JIRA / TestRail / Zephyr, Name a popular tool for manual test management., Selenium / Cypress / Playwright, Name one commonly used automation testing tool., JIRA / Bugzilla / Mantis, Name one widely used defect tracking tool., Performance testing / Load testing / Stress testing / Security testing, Name a type of non-functional testing., Smoke testing / Sanity testing / Regression testing / Functional testing, Name a type of functional testing., Regression retests existing features; Smoke checks basic functionality, Explain the difference between regression testing and smoke testing., Verification = Are we building it right?; Validation = Are we building the right thing?, Explain the difference between verification and validation., Severity = impact on system; Priority = order of fixing, Explain the difference between severity and priority in bug tracking., Defines steps, inputs, and expected results to test a feature, Describe the purpose of a test case., Outlines scope, objectives, resources, schedule, and approach for testing, Describe the purpose of a test plan., Scenario = high-level; Test case = detailed steps and expected results, Describe the difference between a test scenario and a test case., Testing values at boundaries to catch errors at limits, Explain the concept of boundary value analysis., Load testing = expected workload; Stress testing = beyond maximum capacity, Describe the difference between load testing and stress testing., Time-consuming, repetitive, human error, missing edge cases, Name a key challenge in manual QA testing., Faster execution, repeatable, can run 24/7, covers more cases, Explain an advantage of automation testing over manual testing., Requirement analysis → Test planning → Test design → Test execution → Defect reporting → Test closure, Describe the steps in a typical testing lifecycle., Ad-hoc testing / Session-based exploratory testing, Name a common exploratory testing technique., Setup hardware, software, test data, network configuration to match production, Explain how to prepare a test environment for QA., Number of defects found, test coverage, test execution progress, pass/fail rate, Name a common metric used to measure testing progress..

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