Definitional - Simple, strong statements that present a verifiable fact. Should be supported with evidence and examples. , Cause and Effect - Specific actions lead to desirable or undesirable outcomes. , Comparison - Comparing a group, person or situation to another in order to highlight similarities or differences. , Evidence and Examples - Using statistics and research. , Rebuttal - Use logical arguments to show flaws in opposing arguments. , Speculative - Using a logical understanding of what is already happening to imagine ‘what if?’, Self-Interest -  Promoting the need of the audience to look after themselves first., Humour - Including ridicule, irony, satire, mockery and parody. , Adversarial rheoric - Attaching negative attributes to a group of people; making them an enemy. , Personal attack - Attaching negative attributes to a specific person with opposing ideas. , Psychological appeals - Common psychological needs, including security, popularity and belonging. , Emotive words - Words that invoke emotion (affect). , Inclusive rhetoric - Use of language that makes direct links to specific social and cultural groups. Uses words such as ‘us’, ‘we’ and ‘friends’ to include people. , Testimonial - Using evidence from events in someone’s life. , Patriotism and nationalism  -  Appealing to the audience’s national identity., Progress - Encouraging the need for things to get better. , History and Tradition - Using evidence from history to support an argument. , Authority - Using experts, government or well-known figures. , Values - Qualities given to a person, place, object, or society. For example, common sense, justice, decency, and morality. , Poetic Techniques -  Painting a word picture of a scene or action, including sound devices (alliteration, onomatopoeia, rhyme) and imagery (similes, metaphors, sensory imagery, analogies, contrasts)., Pun - Also known as ‘a play on words’ or a ‘double entendre’. Intentionally using words which have a double meaning – often leading to humour and often used in news headlines. , Exaggeration - Also known as hyperbole. Overstating and exaggerating facts or information. , Rhetorical Questions - Asking a question for effect, with no answer expected. , Repetition - Intentional repeating – and variation - of words, phrases, arguments or evidence. This includes tricolon, parallel construction, anaphora and epistrophe. , Modality - Words (usually verbs and adverbs) that indicate varying degrees of possibility, probability and obligation. , Command Verb - Also known as imperatives; exhort the reader to take action. Tone may be gently encouraging or strident.,

Rhetoric - Techniques

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