Percentage change - (New - Old)/old x 100, Market share - Firm's sales/total industry sales x 100, Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) - % change in quantity demanded/% change in price, Income elasticity of demand (YED) - % change in quantity demand/% change in income, Sales revenue - SPPU x Q, Total variable costs - VCPU x Q, Total costs - Total fixed costs + total variable costs, Net cash flow - Inflows - outflows, Opening balance - Closing balance from previous month, Closing balance - Opening balance + net cash flow, Contribution per unit - SPPU - VCPU, Break-even output - Fixed costs/CPU, Total contribution - CPU x Q, Margin of safety - Actual output - Break-even output, Profit (1) - Total revenue - total costs, Variance - Actual - budgeted, Profit margin - Profit/sales revenue x 100, Gross profit margin (GPM) - Gross profit/sales revenue x 100, Net profit margin (NPM) - Net profit/sales revenue x 100, Gross profit - Sales revenue - cost of sales, Operating profit - Gross profit - expenses, Net profit - Gross profit - expenses - net financing costs - corporation tax - depreciation, Current ratio - (Current assets/current liabilities):1, Liquid capital ratio/acid test ratio - (Current assets (excluding inventory)/current liabilities):1, Productivity - Output in a time period/inputs in a time period, Capacity utilisation - Actual output/potential output, Gearing - Non current liabilities/Capital employed x 100, Return on capital employed (ROCE) - Operating profit/Capital employed x 100, Average Rate of Return (ARR) - Average annual profit/Cost of investment x 100, Absenteeism rate - total days lost/total worker days x 100,

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