Allah - _____ is Arabic for "God", Kaaba - shrine in the city of Mecca, Muhammad - founded the Islamic religion, the Quran - the holy book of Islam, the Hijrah - the journey of Muhammad and his followers to Medina is known as, monotheistic - like Christianity and Judaism, Islam is a _____ religion, Córdoba - by 725, most of Spain had become a Muslim state with its center at _____, Battle of Tours - in 732 Arab forces were defeated at the _____ in Gaul (now France) ending Arab expansion in Europe, a split in Islam - an important revolt took place in what is now Iraq early in the Umayyad period, resulting in _____, Shia Muslims - the _____ accept only the descendants of Ali as the true rulers of Islam, Sunni Muslims - the majority of Muslims in the world are _____, trade routes - Arabs gained control of the _____ to the East, knowledge - _____ spread west along the trade routes, Baghdad, Cairo, and Damascus - flourishing trade led to prosperous cities including _____, equality - the Quran granted women spiritual and social _____ with men, traditional Arab practice - older customs which owed more to _____ than to the Quran, eroded the rights enjoyed by early Muslim women, the Renaissance - it was through the Muslim world that Europeans recovered the works of Aristotle and other Greek philosophers (which led to _____), Islamic art - _____ is a blend of Arab, Turkish, and Persian traditions, the muezzin - _____ calls the faithful to prayer five times each day from the minaret, Granada, Spain - the finest example of an Islamic palace is the Alhambra in _____,

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