23 chromosomes - number of chromosomes in a human sperm cell, deletion - type of point mutation where one or more nucleotide bases is removed, meiosis - type of cell division that produces gametes., somatic cell - body cell (ex: skin or muscle). Mutations in these cells cannot be passed to offspring, gamete - reproductive cell (ex: sperm & egg) produced from meiosis, crossing over - source of diversity during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genes, insertion - type of mutation where nucleotides bases are added, mitosis - type of cell division that occurs in body cells and produces identical daughter cells, metaphase - phase of cell division where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, homologous chromosomes - two chromosomes (one from mom and one from dad) that have the same genes on them, mutation - a change in the DNA, daughter cells - name we give to progeny cells produced by any type of cell division, anaphase - phase of cell division where spindle fibers pull apart the chromosomes, diploid - name for cells (such as somatic/body cells) that have two copies of each chromosome. 2n, sister chromatids - identical copies of DNA within a chromosome after is have undergone S phase. Connected by a centromere, independent assortment - source of diversity during meiosis where chromosomes are distributed randomly to daughter cells, haploid - name for cells (such as gametes) that have one copy of each chromosome. 1n or n, substitution - type of point mutation where a nucleotide base is changed to another, zygote - diploid cell formed when sperm and egg merge into one cell, telophase - phase of cell division where nuclear envelopes begin to form around two sets of chromosomes on opposite sides of the cell, diversity - variety among organisms. Important for a population's survival because it means not all organisms in the population are susceptible to the same diseases, asexual reproduction - type of reproduction (not cell division) where offspring are identical to the parents. Little diversity produced, prophase - phase of cell division where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope dissolves, 24 chromosomes - if the diploid number of chromosomes in a snail is 24, then it should have this many chromosomes in a skin cell, frameshift mutation - when an insertion/deletion mutation causes the reading frame (i. e. the sequence of codons) to shift,

Cell Division & Mutations

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