Add acidified barium chloride - Sulfate test, White precipitate of barium sulfate - Positive sulfate test result, Add hot NaOH and test with damp red litmus - Ammonium test, Damp red litmus will turn blue due to presence of gaseous ammonia from the test - Positive ammonium test result, Add acidified silver nitrate solution - Halide test, White precipitate of silver chloride forms which is soluble in dilute ammonia - Positive test result for chloride, Cream precipitate of silver bromide forms which is soluble in concentrated ammonia - Positive test result for bromide, Yellow precipitate of silver iodide forms which is not soluble even in concentrated ammonia - Positive test result for iodide, Add a dilute, strong acid such as HCl and test the gas given off (if any) - Test for carbonates, Collected gas is bubbled through limewater and will turn it from colourless and clear to cloudy - Positive result for carbonates, Yellow/orange - Flame test colour for sodium, Lilac - Flame test colour for potassium, Green - Flame test colour for copper, Brick red - Flame test colour for calcium, Crimson - Flame test colour for lithium, Red - Flame test colour for strontium, White - Flame test colour for magnesium, Blue solution to blue ppt - Cu2+ solution + NaOH, Green solution to green ppt to brown ppt on standing - Fe2+ solution + NaOH, Brown solution to brown ppt on standing - Fe3+ solution + NaOH,

Testing for ions

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