Geology - The study of the Earth., Geologist - A scientist who studies the Earth and it's history., Rock - This makes up the Earth's crust., Granite - A type of rock that makes up continental crust., Basalt - A type of rock that makes up oceanic crust., Constructive Force - A force that builds up the Earth's crust, like a volcano., Destructive Force - A force that breaks down the Earth's crust, like ocean waves., Pressure - The amount of force against an object., Crust - The hard, thin, outermost layer of the Earth., Mantle - The thickest layer of the Earth. It is a hot solid that moves like maple syrup. , Outer Core - A very hot, liquid layer of the Earth. This layer is responsible for the Earth's magnetic field., Inner Core - The hottest layer on Earth. Made up of SOLID iron and nickel., Lithosphere - A chemical layer that holds the tectonic plates. It sits just below the crust and is attached to the top part of the mantle., Asthenosphere - A chemical layer that sits just below the crust and is considered the top part of the mantle. This layer is what moves the tectonic plates., Heat Transfer - The transfer of heat from a hot object to a cooler object., Radiation - A type of heat transfer that can move through empty space, or waves. The sun uses this type of heat transfer to warm the Earth., Conduction - A type of heat transfer that requires touch, or touching of particles. This heat transfer happens when you touch a hot stove., Convection - A type of heat transfer that happens in a liquid., Convection Currents - These are a cycle of heat gain and loss where liquids are heated, rise, cool off, and fall down only to be heated again., Continental Drift - A theory created by Alfred Wegener that was supported by fossils, landforms, and climate change. It was not widely accepted in the 1900's., Fossils - T remnants of living things that have been preserved. These were important to the theory of continental drift., Pangaea - Another idea proposed by Alfred Wegener. This was a supermassive landform that had all continents connected as one., Mid-Ocean Ridge - A long, underwater mountain range that is formed when two oceanic plates move apart. This produces magma that creates new ocean floor., Sonar - The type of technology that was used to map the ocean floor in the 1950's., Sea-Floor Spreading - This theory proposes that plates in the ocean are moving away from each other, creating a ridge and allowing new rock to be formed. As the rock spreads, it falls back under the Earth and into the mantle., Subduction - The process in which old crust/rock are sucked back under the crust and into the mantle., Plate Tectonics - This theory combines Continental Drift and Sea-Floor Spreading into one., Faults - These are breaks in the Earth's crust that allow rocks to move, pinch, or push against each other., Transform Boundary - A boundary where two plates slip or slide past each other., Divergent Boundary - A boundary where two plates are pulling apart from one another., Convergent Boundary - A boundary where two plates are pushing into each other head on., Rift Valley - This is created when a divergent boundary happens on land. These are very similar to mid-ocean ridges.,

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