CPU - The brain of the computer that processes instructions., RAM - Temporary storage for data currently being used., ROM - Permanent storage for essential system instructions., ALU - Handles arithmetic and logical operations in the CPU., Cache - High-speed memory storing frequently accessed data., Motherboard - The main circuit board connecting all components., Bus - A system that transfers data between computer components., Hard Drive - A device for permanent data storage., SSD - A faster, more reliable storage device with no moving parts., Input Device - Hardware for sending data to the computer (e.g., keyboard)., Output Device - Hardware for receiving output from the computer (e.g., monitor)., Operating System - Software managing hardware and software resources., Peripheral - External device connecting to the computer, like a mouse., Network Interface Card (NIC) - Hardware enabling network connections., Power Supply - Provides electrical power to the computer., BIOS - Firmware that initializes hardware during boot-up., Binary - A system using 0s and 1s to represent data., Logic Gate - A basic component of digital circuits., Mainframe - A powerful computer for bulk data processing., Supercomputer - Extremely powerful computers for complex calculations., Virtual Memory - Hard drive space used as an extension of RAM., Clock Speed - The speed of executing instructions, measured in GHz., Core - A single processing unit within a CPU., GPU - A specialized processor for rendering graphics., Embedded System - A computer within a device, dedicated to specific tasks., Data Bus - Transfers data between CPU and other components., Control Bus - Carries control signals between the CPU and devices., Address Bus - Transfers the location of data between CPU and memory., Von Neumann Architecture - A computer system where data and instructions are stored in the same memory., Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle - The process the CPU uses to execute instructions.,

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