Beginning - How the extract opens, Middle - How the extract develops or changes., Ending - How the extract comes to a close, Flashbacks - A scene set in an earlier point in time to the main story, Foreshadowing - A warning or indication of future events, 1st person point of view - A story narrated by the main character (eg: using 'I saw...'), 3rd person point of view - A story narrated by an outsider looking in (eg: using 'he' 'she' or 'they'), Chronological order - Events are told in the order they happened, Non-chronological order - Events are not told in time order, Repetition - Ideas or themes are repeated, Short sentences - Quickens the pace of the story: adds drama / impact. , Long sentences - Slows the pace of the story: adds detail / description, Contrast - Two opposing ideas, images or themes, Dialogue - Speech between two or more characters, Setting/Exposition - The introduction to a place, Shift in focus - Changes in the focal point of a text, Tension - Building of a feeling before an event, Climax - A key event at the height of a story, In media res - A story that starts in action, Cyclical structure - A story starts and ends in the same place, Cliffhanger - An ending that is unsolved,

Structural techniques

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