1) 1. Why is a sample commonly used instead of the entire population? a) A. It always gives exact results b) B. It is easier and cheaper c) C. It eliminates variability d) D. It guarantees no error 2) 2. What is the main idea behind Samuel Johnson’s quote about not eating the whole ox? a) A. Sampling is unhealthy b) B. Samples must be large c) C. A small part can represent the whole d) D. Population data is unnecessary 3) 3. What measure represents the average value of a data set? a) A. Range b) B. Variance c) C. Mean d) D. Standard deviation 4) 4. Which statement best describes standard deviation? a) A. It measures the center of the data b) B. It measures how spread out the data are c) C. It measures the total number of values d) D. It measures the largest value 5) 5. Why is standard deviation especially useful when the distribution is normal? a) A. It allows us to estimate data proportions b) B. It guarantees accuracy c) C. It removes outliers d) D. It replaces the mean 6) 6. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean? a) A. 50% b) B. 68% c) C. 75% d) D. 95% 7) 7. Approximately what percentage of data lies within two standard deviations of the mean in a normal distribution? a) A. 68% b) B. 75% c) C. 90% d) D. 95% 8) 8. What is the relationship between variance and standard deviation? a) A. Variance is the square root of standard deviation b) B. They are the same c) C. Standard deviation is the square root of variance d) D. Standard deviation is always larger than variance 9) 9. Which symbol represents the population standard deviation? a) A. σ b) B. x̄ c) C. s d) D. μ 10) 10. Which statement about sample statistics is TRUE? a) A. They always match population values exactly b) B. They are useless in research c) C. They can differ from population values d) D. They remove all uncertainty

Sampling and Standard Deviation

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