2 meters - How much DNA does a single cell in your body hold?, circular or a loose loop - What shape does DNA take in a cell with no nucleus?, chromosome - What are the structures that strands of DNA are bundled into in a cell, gene - A string of nucleotides that give the cell information about a certain trait is known as a , 46 - How many chromosomes does a human cell have before division?, 2 chromatids - When a cell is ready to divide, how many chromatids make up a chromosome?, The DNA code - This code is read like a book., bases - The alphabet of the code is made of the nucleotide, amino acids - Groups of 3 bases are the codes for specific, protein - A long string of amino acids form a , Proteins help determine how tall you grow and what colors you can see. - List 2 examples of things proteins help determine about you., Ribonucleic acid - RNA stands for , proteins - Several forms of RNA help change DNA code into, sequence - RNA is so similar to DNA it can serve as a temporary copy of a DNA, ribosomes - The factory that assembles proteins is known as the organelle, , messenger RNA or MRNA - Another name for the mirror-like copy of DNA moves from the nucleus to the ribosome and is called, Transfer RNA or TRNA - Another form of RNA that matces amino acids with the bases on the messenger RNA in the ribosome is called the , ribosome - Transfer RNA molecules deliver amino acids to the , mutations - Changes in the number, type, or order of bases on a piece of DNA are known as , insertion - This type of mutation happens when a base pair is added, substitution - This type of mutation happens when a base pair is replaced, deletion - This type of mutation happens when a base pair is removed, mutagens - Physical or chemical agents that can cause mutations in DNA are called, ultraviolet radiation from sunlight and xray radiation - Two examples of mutagens are, substitution mutation - sickle cell disease is caused by a, genetic engineering - The manipulation of individual genes within organisms by scientists is called , creating new products such as food or drugs - 2 possible uses of genetic engineering, DNA - Only identical twins have truly identical , clone - A scientifically created organism that has an exact copy of another organisms genes is a ,

GENES DNA AND CHROMOSOMES

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