Ablaut - regular vowel variations, The first consonant shift - the correspondences that are concerned with the system of consonants , Breaking - Under the influence of succeeding and preceding consonants some OE monophthongs developed into diphthongs., Velar Mutation - back vowels transformed the stressed root vowels into diphthongs., Palatal Mutation - the fronting and raising of back vowels through the influence of front [i] and palatalized [j’]., Reduction of unstressed vowels - UNACCENTED VOWELS BECAME SHORT, Lengthening of vowels in open syllables - Short vowels became long in open syllables in two-syllabled words, Lengthening of vowels before sonorants - long vowels remain long before the “lengthening” consonant groups ld, nd, mb, The Great vowel shift - All long vowels narrowed, and the narrowest of them turned into diphthongs., Growth of Sibilants and Affricates from velar [k], [g], [sk] - The new type of consonants developed from OE palatal plosives [k', g'] : [tʃ], [dʒ] and [ʃ]., Voicing of consonants in OE and NE - Consonants became voiced in unstressed position,

Phonetic changes

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