Cryotherapy - Destroying of cervical tissue by freezing with liquid nitrogen, freon, or nitrous oxide, Cone Biopsy (Conization) - Removes cone-shaped section of cervical tissue. Base of the cone is formed by the outer part of the cervix (ectocervix) and the apex of the cone is from the endocervical canal, LEEP or LLETZ - Abnormal tissue is removed with a wire that is heated by an electrical current, Cold Knife Cone Biopsy - Surgical Scalpel or a laser is used instead of a heated wire to remove tissue, Laser Therapy - Destroys diseased cervical tissue by using a focused beam of high energy light to vaporize (burn it off), Hysterectomy - Removes the uterus and cervix surgically, Radiation Therapy - Delivered by internal radium applications to the cervix or external therapy that includes lymphatics or the pelvis, Chemoradiation Therapy - Weekly cisplatin therapy concurrent with radiation. Investigation is still ongoing, Lumpectomy - Breast-Conserving Surgery. Least Invasive. Used in early stage, localized tumors, with the removal of the tumor and a 1-cm margin of the normal tissue, Mastectomy - Removal of all breast tissue, the nipple, and areola. The axillary nodes and pectoral muscles are spared. Used for large tumors or multiple tumors that have not metastasized to adjacent structures or lymph systems, Modified Radical Mastectomy - Conducive to breast reconstruction and results in greater mobility and less lymphedema. Involves removal of breast tissue, and a few positive axillary nodes, Radiotherapy - High-energy rays to destroy cancer cells that may be left behind in the breast, chest wall, or underarm area after tumor is removed. Usually given 5 days a week to the site for 6-8 weeks, Chemotherapy - Use of drugs that are toxic to all cells and interfere with a cell's ability to reproduce. Particularly effective against malignant cells, but affects all rapidly dividing cells, especially skin, hair, mouth, GI tract, and bone marrow, Hormonal Therapy - Blocks or counters the effects of estrogen, as it plays a central pathogenesis of cancer. Treatment of estrogen deprivation have proven to be effective, Immunotherapy - Used adjunct to surgery. Represents an attempt to stimulate the body's natural defenses to recognize and attack cancer cells. ,

CANCER treatments

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