Von Neumann - Computer architecture which introduced the idea of using stored programs, ALU - The component which carries out arithmetic and logic operations, Control Unit - Ensures synchronisation of data flow and programs by sending signals along the control bus, System clock - Produces timing signals on the control bus to ensure synchronisation, Immediate Access Store - Holds all data and programs needed to be accessed by the control unit, Accumulator - Temporary general purpose register to store numerical values at any part of a calculation, Register - Temporary memory component that holds data or instructions as part of the Fetch-Execute cycle. Can have general or specific uses. , Status register - Used to output 'flags' for arithmetic or logic processing, Flag - Indicates the state of a bit in the status register. , Address bus - Carries addresses data throughout the computer system, Data bus - Carries data from the processor to memory and input/output devices and vice versa. , Word - A group of bits used by a computer to represents a single unit of data. , Clock cycle - The vibration frequency of a 'clock' microchip. A 3 GHz clock sends pulses at a rate of 3 billion a second. , BIOS - Basic Input /Output System, Cache memory - a high speed axillary memory (compared to register memory) which permits high , Quad Core - A CPU made with a group of 4 cores, each made up of their own separate ALUs, control units and registers., Port - The external connection to a computer which allows communicate with peripheral devices. , Universal Serial Bus - A versatile type of port connecting devices to a computer, Asynchronous serial data transmission - A single wire being used to transmit data one bit at a time where the sender and receiver use different clock cycles. , High-Definition Multimedia Interface - The current standard for audio visual transmission, allows for 120Hz and high data transmission, Video Graphics Array - Transmits pixel data between devices, can carry 60Hz and 4 bit colour. , Fetch-Execute cycle - The repeating action a computer takes where instructions and data are brought from memory, decoded and the carried out. , Program Counter - A register used to to store the address of the instruction which is being executed, Current instruction register - A register used to hold the current instruction which is being executed. , Register Transfer Notation - Short-hand notation (simple reference notes) to show movement of data and instructions - used to show the fetch-execute cycle on paper, Interrupt - Signal send from a device of software to a rpocessor requesting attention - the processor pauses its current operation until the interrupt ahs been serviced), Interrupt priority - all interrupts are given a priority status so that the processor knows which should be serviced next, Interrupt service routine or handler - software that handles interrupt requests (e.g. "printer out of paper") and sends that request to the CPU.,

CPU Architecture

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