1) What is polysemy? a) Different words that sound alike but mean different things b) One word that has multiple related meanings c) The historical origin of a word d) Words that are borrowed from other languages 2) Which is an example of semantic broadening (generalization)? a) “Holiday” originally meaning only a religious day → now meaning any day off b) “Meat” originally meaning any kind of food → now only animal flesh c) “Girl” originally meaning any young person → now only female children d) “Awful” originally meaning “inspiring awe” → now meaning “very bad” 3) Which is an example of pejoration (meaning becomes more negative)? a) “Knight” meaning servant -> noble warrior b) “Silly” meaning happy/blessed -> foolish c) “Nice” meaning ignorant -> pleasant d) “Literally” used to mean “exactly” -> now also used as exaggeration 4) What is amelioration in semantics? a) A word becomes more neutral b) A word gains a more positive meaning c) A word loses all meaning d) A word becomes outdated 5) The semantic changes in the word “Minister” are an example of: a) Narrowing b) Pejoration c) Broadening d) Amelioration 6) Which of these best illustrates a metaphor? a) The “foot” of a mountain vs "foot" as a body part b) “Girl” shifting from neutral to female c) “Silly” changing from “blessed” to “foolish” 7) Which example shows metonymy? a) “Light” used to mean “not heavy” and “low-calorie” b) “Hollywood” referring to the film industry c) “Cold” used to describe emotional distance

Semantic changes

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