Concurrent data collection & integration during interpretation, Convergent Parallel Design, Explanatory Sequential Design, Exploratory Sequential Design, Embedded Design, Transformative Design, Quant data collected first & then qual collected to explain the quant results, Convergent Parallel Design, Explanatory Sequential Design, Exploratory Sequential Design, Embedded Design, Transformative Design, Looks at what then why, Convergent Parallel Design, Explanatory Sequential Design, Exploratory Sequential Design, Embedded Design, Transformative Design, Qual collected first and analyzed & quant phase is informed by the qual, Convergent Parallel Design, Explanatory Sequential Design, Exploratory Sequential Design, Embedded Design, Transformative Design, Looking at why then what, Convergent Parallel Design, Explanatory Sequential Design, Exploratory Sequential Design, Embedded Design, Transformative Design, Qual or quant is embedded within a larger study of the other type, Convergent Parallel Design, Explanatory Sequential Design, Exploratory Sequential Design, Embedded Design, Transformative Design, Uses one of the other standard mixed methods designs, but the aim is produce change or reforms that improve social justice for made-marginalized groups, Convergent Parallel Design, Explanatory Sequential Design, Exploratory Sequential Design, Embedded Design, Transformative Design, Indigenous research method, Encourages dialogue, respect, co-creation of knowledge and meaning, Participants and researchers as equal, Talking/sharing circles, Focus group, In-depth interview, Active interview, Email interview, Standardized interview, settler researchers can lead talking circles, true, false, settler researchers have someone lead talking circles for them and observe, true, false, What must researchers do?, set a non-judgmental tone, decenter researcher expertise, set group rules for mutual respect, creating a beginning, middle and end that values and validates participant contributions, always lead the conversation, A qualitative interviewing method that involves a group discussion, moderated by a facilitator, Talking/sharing circles, Focus group, In-depth interview, Active interview, Email interview, Standardized interview, Benefits of a talking circle, Participants and researchers as equal, Recognizes multiple forms of expression and meaning making, Collect a lot of data from many people at once, Opportunities to create new knowledge, Assumes objectivity to standardize results, Allows interviewee to guide process, Benefits of a focus group, Participants and researchers as equal, Recognizes multiple forms of expression and meaning making, Collect a lot of data from many people at once, Opportunities to create new knowledge, Assumes objectivity to standardize results, Allows interviewee to guide process, What is wrong with this question: Do you use snapchat?, closed, double barreled, leading, why, What is wrong with this question: Dont you find snapchat fun?, closed, double barreled, leading, why, What is wrong with this question: Do you use snapchat with friends and family?, closed, double barreled, leading, why, What is wrong with this question: Why do you use snapchat in class or at work?, closed, double barreled, leading, why, surveys, predetermined questions, assumes objectivity, Talking/sharing circles, Focus group, In-depth interview, Active interview, Email interview, Standardized interview, Benefits of a standardized interview, Participants and researchers as equal, Recognizes multiple forms of expression and meaning making, Collect a lot of data from many people at once, Opportunities to create new knowledge, Assumes objectivity to standardize results, Useful for gaining deep understanding of an issue, Benefits of an in-depth interview, Participants can define the situation, Flexible- can add new questions or follow up on questions asked, Allows research participant to define situation, Recognizes and validates perspective and expertise of participant, Assumes objectivity to standardize results, Useful for gaining deep understanding of an issue, Encouraging participants to think about their experiences, views, knowledge and perspectives in new ways, dialogic, Talking/sharing circles, Focus group, In-depth interview, Active interview, Email interview, Standardized interview, Paying attention to what people are saying and following up as it relates to research questions, paying attention to how people say things, pay attention to the setting, Talking/sharing circles, Focus group, In-depth interview, Active interview, Email interview, Standardized interview, Limitations of standardized interviews, No unexpected data uncovered, Inflexible, Does not allow for context, Assumes mutually exclusive answers possible, Assumes common understanding, Time consuming, Limitations of in depth interviews, Time consuming, Expensive, Can be difficult to recruit, Requires high levels of researcher attention, Often requires capacity to be flexible in the moment, No unexpected data uncovered, Ethical research must , Protect anonymity to the best extent possible, Benefit the population, Identify risks for the population, Have an open mind, Involves authentic relationships, Cause Presentism, Ethical research must, Benefit the population, Allow participants to critique research and offer feedback if so desired, Be balanced, Be open mined, Mold data, Avoid causing harm, Why is ethics important?, Researchers have the power, Research participants and co-researchers are sharing a part of themselves with you and with anyone who consumes the research you produce, You have a responsibility to treat this data as a gift, as a privilege, You have a duty to not purposely harm your participants during or after the data gathering phase, Research with people is about relationships, and especially relationships of trust, A lack of ethics takes harms the validity of research findings, TCPS, Lays out ethical codes for research with human subjects, Lays out ethical codes for research with animal subjects, Sets out standards for these reviews, Must be followed by all Canadian researchers to get research approval, Must be followed by all North American researchers to get research approval, Causes less robust research, Unethical data consumption- 40 year experiment on black men with syphilis, 100 men died during it, study went on much longer than needed , Tuskegee, Nutritional experiment, Henriette Lacks, Stanford prison experiment , Unethical data consumption-malnourished Indigenous children in residential schools, Tuskegee, Nutritional experiment, Henriette Lacks, Stanford prison experiment , Unethical data consumption-died of cervical cancer, her cancer cells were the first to grow in a lab, used to test several new things in medicine, she nor her family were never informed nor gave consent, family got nothing, profited off the experiences of others, Tuskegee, Nutritional experiment, Henriette Lacks, Stanford prison experiment , Unethical data consumption- harmed "prisoners" emotionally and physically, Tuskegee, Nutritional experiment, Henriette Lacks, Stanford prison experiment , Ethics collection, Do not explain your presence, Build relationships (time in the community), Knowing your reporting obligations and being upfront about them (ex: suspected child abuse), Know community resources/supports, Identify and explain risks, Have a risk mitigation plan, Ethics collection, avoid giving contact information such at phone number or email, Provide Research Ethics Board information, Use plain language, Avoid unnecessary probing questions/curiosity, Obtain informed consent, Be aware of research fatigue, Guiding principal of TCPS Treat people fairly and equitably, No one segment of population should bear burdens of research disproportionately or denied the benefits, Justice, Fairness, Concern for welfare, Respect for wellbeing, Respect for persons, Concern for human value, Guiding principal of TCPS Quality of life in all respects, Justice, Fairness, Concern for welfare, Respect for wellbeing, Respect for persons, Concern for human value, Guiding principal of TCPS Intrinsic value of human beings, Justice, Fairness, Concern for welfare, Respect for wellbeing, Respect for persons, Concern for human value, Verbal consent is sufficient, Yes, No, Is covert research ever ethical, Yes, No, Who is a vulnerable group , women, children, elderly, racial minorities, Indigenous peoples, Can crimes siad in confidentiality be reported to authorities, yes, no, Is researchers making art useful, yes but not as useful, yes but it is not participatory, yes but it is only participatory if participants interpret the art, no, no but it is participaroty, is arts based research positivist, no, yes, Participants create art that is data and the can represent data, makes participation more accessible as shy people may not want to speak up, Visual arts based participation methods, Photography, Photovoice, Collages, Object based research, Alternative form of expression, To document social change, desired change, social issues, Get at hard to conceptualize topics, Accessible, Offers another way to “make meaning”, , Visual arts based participation methods, Photography, Photovoice, Collages, Object based research, People documenting their own circumstances through photos, Positions participants as co-researchers, Must decide on a prompts, possibilities are endless, Visual arts based participation methods, Photography, Photovoice, Collages, Object based research, Selecting images from magazines, newspapers etc and attaching them to a surface (can include text), can be done by participant or researcher, Can be done by participants as data and to represent data, Visual arts based participation methods, Photography, Photovoice, Collages, Object based research, Selecting an object, Considering what it tells us about our world, Looking at objects that people made to better understand our past, , Visual arts based participation methods, Photography, Photovoice, Collages, Object based research, Approaches to object based research includes, Autoethnography, Marxism, Critical race, Disability, Positivism, Africville, City gave no access to sewage or safe drinking water in a predominately black area, government used the fact that the city had no access to water and sewage to argue that the place was unsafe to live in, They tore down the church- a key place of community (now turned into a museum) people usedphotography to share their stories and experiences, arts based research- photography, object based research, unethical research, unethical data sharing, foundation only coming in lighter shades- not inclusive of dark skinned people, dark skinned products are more scare and more expensive, arts based research- photography, object based research, unethical research, unethical data sharing, Henrietta Lacks- her cancer cells were the first to grow in a lab, used to test several new things in medicine, she nor her family were never informed nor gave consent, family got nothing, profited off the experiences of others, arts based research- photography, object based research, unethical research, unethical data sharing, Neighbourhood crime mapping, Only show certain kinds of crimes, continues harmful ideas about certain areas, arts based research- photography, object based research, unethical research, unethical data sharing, Bedlam on the Streets (Knowles 2005), Woman took pictures where people with psychiatric diagnoses lived, deficit based, arts based research- photography, object based research, unethical research, unethical data sharing, A book which photographs and creates a social geography of people with psychiatric diagnoses living in poverty in Quebec, arts based research- photography, object based research, unethical research, unethical data sharing, What is mixed methods research, Collecting quant & qual data to respond to a research question, Using RIGOUR in BOTH qualitative & quantitative methodsUsing RIGOUR in BOTH qualitative methods, Combining or integrating data using a specific mixed methods designCombining or integrating data using a specific mixed methods design , Framing mixed methods within a broader frameworkFraming mixed methods within a broader framework, Combining multiple quant or multiple qual approaches in isolation (i.e. triangulating methods- using multiple methods to get a different point of view).

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