evolution - the process by which new species or populations of living things develop from preexisting forms through successive generations, natural selection - the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change, adaptations - a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment, fitness - reproductive success and reflects how well an organism is adapted to its environment, genetic variation - the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population, selective pressure - variables which cause a certain phenotype of an organism to have a better chance of surviving and reproducing, artificial selection - an evolutionary process in which humans consciously select for or against particular features in organisms, convergent evolution - the process whereby distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar necessities, analogous structures - features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature, divergent evolution - species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection pressure which gradually leads to speciation over an evolutionary time period, genetic drift - variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce, migration/gene flow - any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another, homologous structures - organs or skeletal elements of animals and organisms that, by virtue of their similarity, suggest their connection to a common ancestor, vestigial structures - a biological structure that has lost a major ancestral function and is usually drastically reduced in size, phylogenetic tree - a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor, derived character - a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendants, reproductive isolation - the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences, habitat isolation - occurs when habitat preferences lower the probability of mating between individuals associated with differing habitats, temporal isolation - type of reproductive isolation mechanism among sexual organisms in which the differences in the timing of critical reproductive events prevent members of closely related species, which could otherwise breed with one another, from mating and producing hybrid offspring, behavioral isolation - occurs when mismatches in mating traits (signals and/or preferences) prevent mating between two species/populations, mechanical isolation - a physical incompatibility between reproductive organs of two organisms, gametic isolation - a type of prezygotic barrier, hybrid inviability - a situation in which a mating between two individuals creates a hybrid that does not survive past the embryonic stages, hybrid sterility - the inhibition or suppression of the reproductive capacity of F1 or later generation hybrids between genetically different strains or populations, usually belonging to different species, hybrid breakdown - a type of reproductive failure that appears after the F2 generation of crosses between different species or subspecies, allopatric speciation - groups from an ancestral population evolve into separate species due to a period of geographical separation, sympatric speciation - he evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region, punctuated equilibrium - hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change, gradualism - hypothesis that evolution proceeds chiefly by the accumulation of gradual changes, adaptive radiation - a rapid increase in the number of species with a common ancestor, characterized by great ecological and morphological diversity,

Evolution

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