Mixed Layer - Upper 200m of the ocean that wind can push/move, Global Winds - Easterly and Westerly winds that blow constantly across the globe at different latitudes, Westerly Winds - Winds that blow from the west to the east - these occur at the mid latitudes, Easterly Winds - Winds that blow from the east towards the west - these occur at the equator and poles, Surface Current - Horizontal movement of water across a water basin driven by wind and the Coriolis effect, Coriolis Effect - Deflection of wind/water as it moves from one latitude to another due to different speed of Earth's spin at different latitudes, Left - Direction of Coriolis effect in Southern Hemisphere, Right - Direction of Coriolis effect in Northern Hemisphere, Ekman Spiral - Layers of water move slower with depth so they also get increasingly deflected by Coriolis, Ekman Transport - Water moves at 90 degrees to the direction of wind blowing on the surface of the water, Gyre - A rotating surface current created by piling up of water into the middle of an ocean basin by Ekman transport, Geostrophic Flow - A mound of water forms in the centre of a gyre due to converging Ekman transport of water - this tried to flow back down due to gravity but gets deflected sideways by Coriolis, Clockwise - Direction of gyre flow in Northern hemisphere, Anticlockwise - Direction of gyre flow in Southern hemisphere, Transverse Currents - Part of a gyre that move West/East driven by prevailing winds and Ekman transport, Western Boundary Current - Warm side of a gyre where warm water is pulled up/down from the equator, Eastern Boundary Current - Side of a gyre where cold water is pulled from the poles towards the equator, Coastal Upwelling - When a wind blows parallel to the coast it can cause Ekman transport of water AWAY from the shore this pulls water up from the deep layer to replace it, Coastal Downwelling - When a wind blows parallel to the coast it can cause Ekman transport of water TOWARDS the shore this pushes water down into the deep layer,

13ESS - Surface Currents

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