1) Medical care of the elderly is straightforward as they tend to have common geriatric illnesses or conditions such as "off legs", pneumonia and delirium.Medical care of the elderly is straightforward as they tend to have common geriatric illnesses or conditions such as "off legs", pneumonia and delirium. a) True b) False 2) Frailty is a health state that can not be prevented. It belongs to the normal aging process. a) True b) False 3) When the old person is diagnosed with frailty, the best and most humane option is to give up active treatment, i.e. the person is ready for hospice. a) True b) False 4) Parkinson's disease is caused by loss of neurons and inadequate noradrenaline neurotransmitter in the brainstream. a) True b) False 5) Symptoms of Parkinson's disease include i.a. bradykinesia and rigidity. a) True b) False 6) Levodopa (co-beneldopa / co-careldopa) is a medicine for Alzheimer's disease. a) True b) False 7) To distinguish dementia from delirium the duration of symptoms is the key distinguishing factor a) True b) False 8) When the geriatric patient is in psychosis, it is important not to distress them further. The patient can be supported by showing compassion and reinforcing their paranoid beliefs. a) True b) False 9) The only curative treatment for delirium is pharmaceutical treatment. Used drugs are lorazepam, haloperidol, olanzapine and risperidone. a) True b) False 10) Pain, infections, urinary retention and alcohol withdrawal symptoms may contribute to delirium. a) True b) False 11) The most common psychiatric illness in older people is delirium. a) True b) False 12) Age-associated memory impairment can present at the age of 40-50. a) True b) False 13) As we age, proximal arteries become thicker which affects the conduction system of the heart. Clinical implications are disorders of the cardiac conduction system (e.g. first degree block). a) True b) False 14) As we age, chest wall becomes less flexible but this does not affect ventilation. a) True b) False 15) Symptoms of respiratory diseases tend to ease with age. a) True b) False 16) Causes of xerostomia are more frequent with age. a) True b) False 17) Calcium absorption decreases as a result of aging. a) True b) False 18) Blunted fluid and electrolyte homeostasis causes loss of the sensation of thirst in aged. a) True b) False 19) Creatinine value is the best estimate of the elderly person's renal function. a) True b) False 20) Poor urine output of a geriatric patient on the surgical ward is usually a sign of heart failure. Therefore, urine output can be improved with diuretics. a) True b) False 21) Confusion occurs in dehydration but not in fluid overload. a) True b) False 22) Thyroid levels (TSH, T3) drop dramatically as a result of aging (blood test results are not within the normal range). a) True b) False 23) Changes in growth hormone levels of aged contribute to sarcopenia and frailty. a) True b) False 24) Anaemia is common in geriatric patients due to diseases. a) True b) False 25) Osteoporosis can be managed by ensuring sufficient calcium and vitamin C intake. a) True b) False 26) 80 % of people over 65 years old have Athlete's foot (thickened, discoloured toe nails). a) True b) False 27) As oestrogen levels fall following menopause, women are more prone to vaginal and urinary infections. a) True b) False 28) Aged men's prostate gland enlarges and fibroses. This is called bening prostatic hypertrophy. a) True b) False 29) Incontinence is a natural consequence of aging. a) True b) False 30) In overflow incontinence, any rise in intra-abdominal pressure causes small leaks e.g. with coughing. This is caused by pelvic muscle and ligament laxity. a) True b) False 31) When communicating with someone who has a hearing aid, it's important to raise your voice and use one-word answers. a) True b) False 32) "Degenerative deafness" is usually detectable from age 60-65. a) True b) False 33) Glaucoma causes degenerative changes in the inner ear and vestibular system. a) True b) False 34) Use of contrast colours is not recommended in vision problems. a) True b) False 35) As a result of aging, subcutaneous fat decreases in volume and is distributed differently. a) True b) False 36) Post-menopausal hormonal changes may cause women to develop hair in the beard area and upper lip. a) True b) False 37) Elderly people's response to vaccinations is better than younger people's response. a) True b) False 38) It's common that fever can be absent, reduced or delayed in the infections of geriatric patients. a) True b) False 39) In the cancers of elderly people, the age itself has remarkable influence over disease progression and prognosis. a) True b) False 40) Some cancer types (e.g. ovarian cancer or acute myeloid leukaemia) are more aggressive in older people. a) True b) False

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